The 7 Habits of HHP_FOREWORD TO THE 2004 EDITION

FOREWORD TO THE 2004 EDITION

แž”្แžšើแž”៊ូแžុแž„ S0, S1, S2… แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”ិแž‘/แž”ើแž€แž‘ិแž“្แž“แž“័แž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž“ីแž˜ួแž™แŸ—។ แž”៊ូแžុแž„ See all แž”ើแž€แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแžŸាแž្แž˜ែแžš + แž•្แž“ែแž€แžŸិแž€្แžŸាแž‘ាំแž„ แŸฉ។ แž•្แž“ែแž€แž‘ី แŸกแŸ  แž˜ាแž“แž”៊ូแžុแž„ Back to top of this sentence แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžกើแž„แžœិแž‰แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚។

FOREWORD TO THE 2004 EDITION

แž˜ិแž“ិแž™แž˜แž“័แž™ (Foreword) แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ แŸ แŸค

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN:

This heading introduces the foreword written specifically for the 2004 edition of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. It signals to the reader that the next pages will provide new context, reflections, or updates that were added many years after the original publication.

KM: แž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„แž“េះแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž“ឹแž„แž˜ាแž“ “แž˜ិแž“ិแž™แž˜แž“័แž™” แžฌ Foreword แž˜ួแž™ แžŠែแž›แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž– แž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ แŸ แŸค แž“ៃแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People។ แžœាแž”្แžšាแž”់แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แžាแž‘ំแž–័แžšแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់ แž“ឹแž„แž•្แžŠแž›់แž”แžšិแž”แž‘ แž€ាแžšแž–ិแž…ាแžšแžŽា แžฌแž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž្แž˜ីแŸ— แžŠែแž›แž”ាแž“แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แžŠំแž”ូแž„แžขแžŸ់แžšแž™ៈแž–េแž›แž…្แžšើแž“แž†្แž“ាំ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• “Foreword” tells us this is a short introductory piece, usually written by the author or a respected person, explaining the book’s significance.
• “2004 edition” shows that the book has been reissued, and that by 2004 its ideas were still important enough to deserve a fresh introduction.
• It prepares the reader’s mind to think about how the world has changed since the first edition and why the 7 Habits still matter.

KM: • “Foreword” แž‡ាแžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž្แž›ីแž˜ួแž™แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”ើแž€แž˜ុแžแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ ้€šๅธธ แžŠោแž™แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แžฏแž„ แžฌแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸំแžាแž“់แž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžขំแž–ីแžŸាแžšៈแžŸំแžាแž“់แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ។
• “2004 edition” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แžกើแž„แž˜្แžŠแž„แž‘ៀแž แž“ិแž„แž“ៅแž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ แŸ แŸค แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž“េះ แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž ួแžŸแžŸแž˜័แž™แž‘េ។
• แžœแžšៀแž”แž…ំแž‚ំแž“ិแžแžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แžฒ្แž™แž‚ិแžแžขំแž–ីแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšែแž”្แžšួแž›แžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€ แž…ាแž”់แžាំแž„แž–ីแž€ាแž›แž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แžŠំแž”ូแž„ แž“ិแž„แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแžŠែแž› 7 Habits แž“ៅแžែแž˜ាแž“แžแž˜្แž›ៃ។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • FOREWORD – the short introductory section to a book.
  • TO THE 2004 EDITION – specifies the particular version/printing of the book.

KM: • FOREWORD = แž˜ិแž“ិแž™แž˜แž“័แž™ / แž˜ើแž›แž‘ៅแžŠូแž…แž‡ា “แž”ំแžŽแž„แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž”ើแž€แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ”។
• TO THE 2004 EDITION = แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แž€ំแžŽែแž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ แŸ แŸค แž‡ាแž€់แž›ាแž€់។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • foreword – แž˜ិแž“ិแž™แž˜แž“័แž™ / แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž”ើแž€แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ (แž˜ិแž“แžŠូแž… “forward” = แž‘ៅแž˜ុแž)
  • edition – แž€ំแžŽែแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž– / แž€ាแžšแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แž˜្แžแž„แžŽាแž˜ួแž™ (แžง. 1st edition, 2nd edition)
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

• The phrase is written in all capital letters because it is a formal heading.
• Preposition to is used in “foreword to the 2004 edition” to show which edition the foreword belongs to.
• In normal sentence form it would be: “Foreword to the 2004 edition.”

KM: • แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž‡ាแž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแžขแž€្แžŸแžšแž’ំแž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแž‡ាแž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„แž˜ួแž™។
• แž”្แžšើแž–ាแž€្แž™ to แž€្แž“ុแž„ “foreword to the 2004 edition” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„ – foreword แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់ แž€ំแžŽែแž€្แž“ុแž„แž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ แŸ แŸค។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž’แž˜្แž˜แžា៖ “Foreword to the 2004 edition.”

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

This is not a full sentence but a noun phrase heading. It functions as a title, so it does not need a verb or subject.

KM: แž“េះแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž–េแž‰แž›េแž‰แž‘េ แžែแž‡ា แž€្แžšុแž˜แž“ាแž˜ แžŠែแž›แžŸ្แžិแžแž“ៅแž‘ីแžាំแž„ “แž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„” แžŠូแž…្แž“េះแžœាแž˜ិแž“แž…ាំแž”ាแž…់ แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸ័แž–្แž‘ แžฌแž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แžกើแž™។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • foreword – noun
  • edition – noun
  • 2004 – number used as an adjective (describes which edition)
  • to – preposition
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

In many classic books, new editions (10th anniversary, 25th anniversary, etc.) receive a new foreword. It shows the book has endured over time and is still influential. For The 7 Habits, a 2004 foreword shows that its principles were still shaping leaders and organizations many years after the original release.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž€្แž›ាแžŸ៊ីแž€แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž€ាแžšแž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แž€ំแžŽែแž្แž˜ី (แžง. แŸกแŸ  แž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ  แž†្แž“ាំ) แž“ឹแž„แž˜ាแž“ Foreword แž្แž˜ីแž˜แž€แž”แž“្แžែแž˜។ แžœាแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž˜ាแž“แž‡ីแžœិแžแž™ូแžš แž“ិแž„แž“ៅแžែแž˜ាแž“แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›។ แž…ំแž–ោះ The 7 Habits แž€ាแžšแž˜ាแž“ Foreword แž“ៅแž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ แŸ แŸค แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž“ៃแžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž’แž˜៌ แž“ិแž„แž”្แžšแžŸិแž‘្แž’แž—ាแž–แž“ៅแžែแž‡ួแž™แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំ แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แžាแž”័แž“แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់

This heading itself does not use phrasal verbs, but when you use it in a sentence you might say:
• “In the foreword to the 2004 edition, the author explains…”

KM: แž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„แž“េះแž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžขាแž…แž”្แžšើแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠូแž…แž‡ា៖
• “แž€្แž“ុแž„ foreword to the 2004 edition แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แž”ាแž“แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា…”
แž“ៅแž‘ីแž“េះ “foreword to” แž˜ើแž›แž‘ៅแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€្แžšុแž˜แž–ាแž€្แž™แž”្แžšើแž‡ាแžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž‘ូแž‘ៅ។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

The world has changed dramatically since The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People was first published. Life is more complex, more stressful, more demanding. We have transitioned from the Industrial Age into the Information / Knowledge Worker Age—with all of its profound consequences. We face challenges and problems in our personal lives, our families, and our organizations unimagined even one and two decades ago. These challenges are not only of a new order of magnitude, they are altogether different in kind.

แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ แž…ាแž”់แžាំแž„แž–ីแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–แž›ើแž€แžŠំแž”ូแž„។ แž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’ แž“ិแž„แž˜ាแž“แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž្แž–แžŸ់แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“។ แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ីแž™ុแž‚แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜ แž‘ៅแžšแž€แž™ុแž‚แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“ / แž™ុแž‚แž€แž˜្แž˜แž€แžšแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„ แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ។ แž™ើแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแžแž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แžขแž„្แž‚แž€ាแžš แžŠែแž›แž˜ិแž“แžŠែแž›แž‚េแž…แž„់แž“ឹแž€แžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃแž‘េ แžŸូแž˜្แž”ីแžែแž˜ុแž“แž“េះแžែแŸก แžฌแŸขแž‘แžŸแžœแž្แžŸแž˜ុแž“។ แž”แž‰្แž ាแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž’ំแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแžុแžŸแž”្แž›ែแž€แž–ីแž˜ុแž“แž‘ាំแž„แžŸ្แžšុแž„។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey’s children explain that the world is very different now compared to when The 7 Habits first came out. Life has become more complicated and stressful, and we have moved from the old Industrial Age into an era where information and knowledge workers dominate. Because of this shift, we now face new kinds of personal, family, and organizational problems that are not only bigger, but also completely different from what people faced a few decades ago.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): แž€ូแž“แŸ—แžšแž”แžŸ់ Covey แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แžŸแž–្แžœแž្แž„ៃแžុแžŸแž–ីแž្แž„ៃแžŠែแž›แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ The 7 Habits แž…េแž‰แž›ើแž€แžŠំแž”ូแž„แž™៉ាแž„แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ។ แž‡ីแžœិแžแž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แž“ិแž„แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“ แž ើแž™แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ីแž™ុแž‚แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‘ៅแž€ាแž“់แž™ុแž‚แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“ แž“ិแž„แž™ុแž‚แž€แž˜្แž˜แž€แžšแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„។ แžŠោแž™แžŸាแžšแž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž“េះ แž™ើแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜ แž˜ុแžแž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž្แž˜ីแŸ— แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แžขแž„្แž‚แž€ាแžš แžŠែแž›แž˜ុแž“แž“េះแž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž‚េแž“ឹแž€แžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃแžŠแž›់แž•แž„។ แžœាแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แžែ “แž’ំแž‡ាแž„” แž”แž‰្แž ាแž…ាแžŸ់แŸ—แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ាแž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž្แž˜ី แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž”្แž›ែแž€แž–ីแž˜ុแž“แž‘ាំแž„แžŸ្แžšុแž„។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• The author is setting the stage: the 7 Habits are being re-introduced into a world that is more complex and demanding than before.
• “Industrial Age” vs. “Information / Knowledge Worker Age” suggests a shift from physical labor and factories to thinking work, technology, and data.
• The phrase “unimagined even one and two decades ago” shows how fast change has happened.
• “Not only of a new order of magnitude… different in kind” means problems are not simply bigger; they are qualitatively different and need new ways of thinking.

KM: • แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžា 7 Habits แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž€แž˜แž€แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰ แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แžŠែแž› “แž›ំแž”ាแž€” แž“ិแž„ “แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž្แž–แžŸ់” แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“។
• “Industrial Age” แž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž”แž“ឹแž„ “Information / Knowledge Worker Age” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ីแž€ាแžšแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž”្แžšើแž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž€ាแž™ แž“ិแž„แžšោแž„แž…แž€្แžš แž‘ៅแž€ាแžšแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแžŠែแž›แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„ แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž“ិแž„แž–แž៌แž˜ាแž“។
• “Unimagined even one and two decades ago” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž“ៅแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž”ាแž“แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž›ឿแž“แžŽាแžŸ់។
• “Not only of a new order of magnitude… different in kind” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž”แž‰្แž ាแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž’ំ แžฌแž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“แž‘េ แžែแž‡ាแž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž្แž˜ី แžŠែแž›แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚ិแžแž្แž˜ីแžŠែแžš។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • 1) The world has changed dramatically since The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People was first published.
  • 2) Life is more complex, more stressful, more demanding.
  • 3) We have transitioned from the Industrial Age into the Information / Knowledge Worker Age—with all of its profound consequences.
  • 4) We face challenges and problems in our personal lives, our families, and our organizations unimagined even one and two decades ago.
  • 5) These challenges are not only of a new order of magnitude, they are altogether different in kind.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ 1) แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ แž…ាแž”់แžាំแž„แž–ីแž្แž„ៃแžŠែแž› 7 Habits แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”ោះแž–ុแž˜្แž–។
2) แž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’ แž“ិแž„แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž…្แžšើแž“แžกើแž„។
3) แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ីแž™ុแž‚แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‘ៅแž€ាแž“់แž™ុแž‚แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“ / แž™ុแž‚แž€แž˜្แž˜แž€แžšแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„។
4) แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแžแž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž“ាแž“ាแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž แž•្แž‘ះ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แžŠែแž›แž˜ុแž“แž“េះ แŸกแŸ –แŸขแŸ  แž†្แž“ាំแž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž‚េแž“ឹแž€แžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃ។
5) แž”แž‰្แž ាแž្แž˜ីแŸ—แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แžែ “แž’ំแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“” แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ាแž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž្แž˜ី แžŠាแž…់แžាแžแž–ីแž˜ុแž“។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • dramatically – แž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ / แž”្แžšែแž”្แžšួแž›แž™៉ាแž„แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់
  • complex – แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แž˜ាแž“แž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ុแž / แž”្แžšួแž›แž…្แžšแž”แž›់
  • stressful – แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’แž្แž›ាំแž„ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž‚េแž–្แžšួแž™/แžាแž“แžឹแž„
  • demanding – แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž្แž–แžŸ់ แž”្แžšើแž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž€ាแž™แž…្แžšើแž“
  • transitioned – แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš/แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ីแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™แž‘ៅแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™
  • Industrial Age – แž™ុแž‚แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜ (แž™ុแž‚แžšោแž„แž…แž€្แžš แž•แž›ិแžแž€แž˜្แž˜)
  • Information / Knowledge Worker Age – แž™ុแž‚แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“ / แž™ុแž‚แž€แž˜្แž˜แž€แžšแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„
  • profound consequences – แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ
  • unimagined – แž˜ិแž“แžŠែแž›แž‚េแž“ឹแž€แžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃ / แž˜ិแž“แž‚ួแžšแžฑ្แž™แž‡ឿแžាแž“ឹแž„แž€ើแž
  • order of magnitude – แž€แž˜្แžšិแž / แž˜ាแž្แžšแžŠ្แž‹ាแž“ (แž’ំ–แžូแž…)
  • altogether different in kind – แžុแžŸแž”្แž›ែแž€แž‘ាំแž„แžŸ្แžšុแž„แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž—េแž‘
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

“has changed dramatically” – present perfect + adverb, showing change from past up to now.
“more complex, more stressful, more demanding” – repeated “more” for emphasis (tricolon).
“We have transitioned from … into …” – present perfect again, marking a completed shift.
“unimagined even one and two decades ago” – past participle “unimagined” used as adjective.
• Final sentence uses “not only … they are …” structure to contrast size vs. kind.

KM: • “has changed” (present perfect) = แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš แž…ាแž”់แž–ីแžขแžីแžแž€ាแž›แžšแž ូแžแžŠแž›់แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“។
• “more complex, more stressful, more demanding” แž”្แžšើ “more” แžŸ្แž‘ួแž“แŸ— แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžŠាแž€់แžŸំแžกេแž„แž›ើแž—ាแž–แž›ំแž”ាแž€។
• “We have transitioned from … into …” แž€៏แž”្แžšើ present perfect แžŠែแžš แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแžŠែแž›แž”ាแž“แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แžšួแž…។
• “unimagined” แž‡ា past participle แžŠែแž›แž”្แžšើแž‡ាแž–ាแž€្แž™แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ា។
• “not only … they are …” แž‡ាแžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž”៖ แž˜ិแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แžែ…แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ…แž‘ៀแž។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• The paragraph is built from several short and medium-length sentences, each adding a layer of meaning (change → complexity → historical shift → new challenges → new kind of problems).
• It follows a logical progression: past vs. now → description of life → big historical shift → new challenges → nature of those challenges.
• This structure prepares the reader to see why the 7 Habits are still needed and maybe even more necessary today.

KM: • แž€แžាแžแžŽ្แžŒแž“េះแž€แžŸាแž„แžกើแž„แž–ីแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž្แž›ី–แž˜แž’្แž™แž˜ แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แžŠោแž™แž˜ួแž™แŸ—แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡ំแž ាแž“แŸ— (แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš → แž‡ីแžœិแžแž›ំแž”ាแž€ → แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™ → แž”แž‰្แž ាแž្แž˜ី → แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž”แž‰្แž ាแž្แž˜ី)។
• แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž…្แž”ាแžŸ់៖ แžขแžីแžแž€ាแž›แž“ឹแž„แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“ → แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแž‡ីแžœិแž → แž”្แžšแžœแž្แžិแžŸាแžŸ្แžš្แžแž™ុแž‚แž្แž˜ី → แž”แž‰្แž ាแž្แž˜ី → แž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแž”แž‰្แž ា។
• แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž”ែแž”แž“េះแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แž™แž›់แžា แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแžข្แžœីแž”ាแž“แž‡ា 7 Habits แž“ៅแžែแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž ើแž™แž”្แžšแž ែแž›แž‡ាแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“แž‘ៀแž។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • world – noun
  • changed – verb (past participle in present perfect: has changed)
  • dramatically – adverb (describes how it changed)
  • complex / stressful / demanding – adjectives (describe “life”)
  • Age – noun (in “Industrial Age,” “Information / Knowledge Worker Age”)
  • challenges / problems – plural nouns
  • altogether – adverb (completely)
  • kind – noun (type/category, not “kind” = “nice”)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

This paragraph reflects a common theme in modern leadership and business books: the world has moved from factory-based production to an economy driven by information, technology, and knowledge workers. Stress, speed, and complexity have increased. Covey’s message is that timeless principles (like those in the 7 Habits) are even more valuable when external life becomes more chaotic.

KM: แž€แžាแžแžŽ្แžŒแž“េះแžំแžŽាแž„แžฒ្แž™แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŸំแžាแž“់แž˜ួแž™ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំ แž“ិแž„แžขាแž‡ីแžœแž€แž˜្แž˜แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី៖ แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš แž–ីแžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแžšោแž„แž…แž€្แžš แž“ិแž„แž•แž›ិแžแž€แž˜្แž˜ แž†្แž–ោះแž‘ៅแž€ាแž“់แžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“ แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž“ិแž„แž€แž˜្แž˜แž€แžšแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„។ แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’ แž›្แž”ឿแž“ แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แž€ើแž“แžกើแž„។ Covey แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅแž€ាแž“់แžែแž…្แžšแž”ូแž€แž…្แžšแž”แž›់ แž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแžŸីแž›แž’แž˜៌ แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ (แžŠូแž…แž€្แž“ុแž„ 7 Habits) แž€ាแž“់แžែแž˜ាแž“แžแž˜្แž›ៃ។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់

Some useful verb phrases from (or related to) this paragraph:
has changed – แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš
transition from … into … – แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ី…แž‘ៅ…
face challenges – แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแžแž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ា
deal with complexity (implied) – แžŠោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž“ឹแž„แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰
live with stress (implied) – แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’

KM: แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ แž“ិแž„แž€្แžšុแž˜แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แžšៀแž“แž–ីแž“េះ៖
• has changed = แž”ាแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš
• transition from … into … = แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ី…แž‘ៅ…
• face challenges = แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแžแž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ា
• deal with complexity = แžŠោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž“ឹแž„แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰
• live with stress = แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’ / แž‘แž”់แž‘แž›់แž“ឹแž„แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

These sweeping changes in society and rumbling shifts in the digitized global marketplace give rise to a very important question—one I’m asked fairly often: “Are The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People still relevant today?” And for that matter, “Will they be relevant ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred years from now?” My answer: the greater the change and more difficult our challenges, the more relevant the habits become. The reason: our problems and pain are universal and increasing, and the solutions to the problems are and always will be based upon universal, timeless, self-evident principles common to every enduring, prospering society throughout history. I did not invent them and take no credit for them. I’ve simply identified and organized them into a sequential framework.

แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž’ំแŸ—แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšែแž”្แžšួแž›แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžšแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แžŠែแž›แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แžŒីแž‡ីแžแž› แž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŸំแžŽួแžšแžŸំแžាแž“់แž˜ួแž™ แžŠែแž›แž្แž‰ុំแžែแž„แžែแž្แžšូแžœแž‚េแžŸួแžšแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់៖ “แžើ The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People แž“ៅแžែแž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžšៈแžŸំแžាแž“់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“แž‘េ?” แž ើแž™แž€៏แžŠូแž…្แž“េះแžŠែแžš៖ “แžើแžœាแž“ឹแž„แž“ៅแžែแžŸแž˜แžšแž˜្แž™แž”៉ុแž“្แž˜ាแž“แž†្แž“ាំแž‘ៅแž‘ៀแžแž‘េ? แž€្แž“ុแž„แŸกแŸ  แž†្แž“ាំ แŸขแŸ  แž†្แž“ាំ แŸฅแŸ  แž†្แž“ាំ แžŸូแž˜្แž”ីแŸกแŸกแŸ แŸ  แž†្แž“ាំแžាแž„แž˜ុแž?”
แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំแž‚ឺ៖ แžแžŽៈแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž’ំ แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž€ាแž“់แžែแž–ិแž”ាแž€ Habits แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž€ាแž“់แžែแž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžšៈแžŸំแžាแž“់។
แž េแžុแžข្แžœី? แž–្แžšោះแž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžˆឺแž…ាแž”់แžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแžŸแž€แž› แž ើแž™แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž€ើแž“แžกើแž„แžŸ្แž‘ើแžšแž”ាแž“แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‘ីแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„។ แž…ំแžŽែแž€แžฏแžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™ แžែแž„แžែแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸแž€แž› แžŠែแž›แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–ិแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž ើแž™แž‡ាแž€แž˜្แž˜แžŸិแž‘្แž’ិแžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“៍ แžฌแžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŽាแžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘ំแž“េแžš แž“ិแž„แžšីแž€แž…แž˜្แžšើแž“แž”ាแž“แžាแž˜แžšแž™ៈแž”្แžšแžœแž្แžិแžŸាแžŸ្แžš្แž។ แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž‘េ แž ើแž™แž្แž‰ុំแž€៏แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž€ិแž្แž™ាแž“ុแž—ាแž–แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžœាแž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แžŠែแžš។ แž្แž‰ុំแž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž–ួแž€แžœា แž…ូแž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸ៊ុแž˜แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‡ំแž ាแž“ (sequential framework) แž˜ួแž™แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey says that because the world and the global market are changing so dramatically, people often ask him whether the 7 Habits are still useful now and in the future. His answer is that the more change and difficulty we face, the more important the 7 Habits become. Human problems and pain are universal and growing, but the true solutions are always based on universal, timeless principles that have supported successful societies throughout history. He did not invent these principles; he only recognized them and organized them into the 7 Habits framework.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แžŠោแž™แžŸាแžšแžែแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€ แž“ិแž„แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžšแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แžŸួแžšแž‚ាแž់แžា แžើ 7 Habits แž“ៅแžែแž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžŸแž–្แžœแž្แž„ៃ แž“ិแž„แžขแž“ាแž‚แžแž‘េ។ แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž‚ាแž់แž‚ឺ: แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽាแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž–ិแž”ាแž€แž€ាแž“់แžែแž…្แžšើแž“ Habit แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸំแžាแž“់។ แž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžˆឺแž…ាแž”់แžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ แž‚ឺแžŸแž€แž› แž ើแž™แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž€ើแž“แžกើแž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž–ិแžแŸ— แžែแž„แžែแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸแž€แž› แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–ិแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž“ិแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”្แžšើแžŠោแž™แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แžšแžŸ់แžšាแž“แž˜ាแž“แž‚ុแžŽแž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แžšីแž€แž…แž˜្แžšើแž“แžាแž˜แžšแž™ៈแž”្แžšแžœแž្แžិแžŸាแžŸ្แžš្แž។ แž‚ាแž់แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž‘េ แž‚ាแž់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំแžœាแžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž‡ាแž€្แžšแž”แž័แžŽ្แžŒ 7 Habits แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• “Sweeping changes” and “rumbling shifts” suggest big, deep changes, not small adjustments.
• The questions about relevance today and decades into the future show that people worry whether old ideas still work in a fast-changing world.
• Covey argues that because life is more chaotic, principle-based habits are actually even more important—not less.
• He emphasizes that principles are universal and timeless, not tied to any one culture, religion, or time period.
• By saying “I did not invent them and take no credit for them,” he shows humility and reinforces that his work is about organizing truth, not creating it.

KM: • “Sweeping changes” แž“ិแž„ “rumbling shifts” แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แžា แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž’ំแŸ— แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž”แž់แž”ែแž“แžិแž…แžួแž…แž‘េ។
• แžŸំแžŽួแžšแžขំแž–ីแž—ាแž– “relevant today” แž“ិแž„ “ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred years from now” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž”ាแžšแž˜្แž—แžា แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž…ាแžŸ់แŸ— แžើแž“ៅแžែแž”្แžšើแž”ាแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž›ឿแž“แž“េះแž‘េ។
• Covey แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แž–្แžšោះแž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ាแž“់แžែแž›ំแž”ាแž€ Habit แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž‘ើแž”แž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸំแžាแž“់។
• แž‚ាแž់แž›ើแž€แžกើแž„แžាแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ (principles) แž‚ឺแžŸแž€แž› แž“ិแž„แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แžិแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ แžฌแžŸាแžŸแž“ាแž˜ួแž™แžกើแž™ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžŸំแžšាแž”់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‚្แžšแž”់แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„។
• แž€ាแžšแž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា “I did not invent them” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแž–แž’แž˜៌ แž‘ាแž”แž្แž›ួแž“ แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា แž‚ាแž់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แžšៀแž”แž…ំ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–ិแžแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแžกើแž™។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • a) These sweeping changes in society and rumbling shifts in the digitized global marketplace give rise to a very important question—one I’m asked fairly often: “Are The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People still relevant today?”
  • b) And for that matter, “Will they be relevant ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred years from now?”
  • c) My answer: the greater the change and more difficult our challenges, the more relevant the habits become.
  • d) The reason: our problems and pain are universal and increasing, and the solutions to the problems are and always will be based upon universal, timeless, self-evident principles common to every enduring, prospering society throughout history.
  • e) I did not invent them and take no credit for them.
  • f) I’ve simply identified and organized them into a sequential framework.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ a) แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž’ំแŸ—แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž“ិแž„แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžšแžŒីแž‡ីแžแž› แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŸំแžŽួแžšแž˜ួแž™៖ แžើ 7 Habits แž“ៅแžែแžŸแž˜แžšแž˜្แž™แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžŸแž–្แžœแž្แž„ៃแž‘េ?
b) แž ើแž™แžើแžœាแž“ឹแž„แž“ៅแžែแžŸំแžាแž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„แŸกแŸ , แŸขแŸ , แŸฅแŸ  แžฌแŸกแŸ แŸ  แž†្แž“ាំแžាแž„แž˜ុแžแž‘ៀแžแž‘េ?
c) แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž‚ាแž់៖ แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽាแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž–ិแž”ាแž€ Habit แž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸំแžាแž“់។
d) แž េแžុ៖ แž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžˆឺแž…ាแž”់แž‚ឺแžŸแž€แž› แž“ិแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž€ើแž“แžกើแž„ แž ើแž™แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แžែแž„แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸแž€แž› แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ แžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžšឹแž„แž˜ាំแž”្แžšើ។
e) แž‚ាแž់แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž‘េ แž ើแž™แž€៏แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž€ិแž្แžិแž™แžŸ។
f) แž‚ាแž់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំแžœាแž‡ាแžŸ៊ុแž˜แž›ំแžŠាแž”់ Habit แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • sweeping changes – แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž’ំแŸ— แž‚្แžšแž”ែแžแž‚្แžšแž”แž” (แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™)
  • rumbling shifts – แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšែแž”្แžšួแž›แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ แžŠែแž›แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž™ឺแžแŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž្แž›ាំแž„
  • digitized global marketplace – แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžšแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แžŠែแž›แž‘ៅแž‡ាแžŒីแž‡ីแžแž› (online / digital economy)
  • give rise to – แž”แž„្แž€แžฑ្แž™แž€ើแž / แž”แžŽ្แžាแž›แžฑ្แž™แž˜ាแž“
  • relevant – แž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžšៈแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„แž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž˜ួแž™
  • universal – แž‡ាแžŸแž€แž› แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‘ីแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„
  • timeless – แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ แž˜ិแž“แž…ាแžŸ់แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž–េแž›แžœេแž›ា
  • self-evident – แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แžšួแž…แž‘ៅแž ើแž™ / แž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แžាแž–ិแžแžŠោแž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„
  • enduring – แžขាแž…แžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘្แžš แžšแžŸ់แžšាแž“แž˜ាแž“แž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž™ៈแž–េแž›แž™ូแžš
  • prospering – แžšីแž€แž…แž˜្แžšើแž“ แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™
  • sequential framework – แžŸ៊ុแž˜แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‡ំแž ាแž“ (แž€្แžšแž”แž័แžŽ្แžŒแžŠែแž›แžšៀแž”แžាแž˜แž›ំแžŠាแž”់)
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

“give rise to a very important question” – formal phrase meaning “cause an important question to appear.”
• Direct questions are quoted: “Are … still relevant today?” “Will they be relevant…?”
“the greater the change and more difficult our challenges, the more relevant …” – classic “the more X, the more Y” comparative structure.
“are and always will be based upon” – present simple + “always will be” shows permanent truth over time.
“I did not invent them and take no credit for them.” – two coordinated verbs with same subject “I”.
“I’ve simply identified and organized them” – present perfect (“I’ve”) implies work done in the past with relevance now.

KM: • “give rise to” = แž”แž„្แž€แžฑ្แž™แž€ើแž, แž”្แžšើแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แž•្แž›ូแžœแž€ាแžš។
• แžŸំแžŽួแžšแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แžŠាแž€់แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž‰្แž‰ាแžŠแž€แžƒ្แž›ា “…” แž‡ា direct questions។
• แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’ “the greater…, the more…” = แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽាแžŠែแž› X แž€ាแž“់แžែ…, แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះแžŠែแž› Y แž€ាแž“់แžែ….
• “are and always will be based upon” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–ិแžแžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ (แžŸแž–្แžœแž្แž„ៃ + แžขแž“ាแž‚แž)។
• “I did not invent them and take no credit for them” แž”្แžšើแž€ិแžšិแž™ាแŸข (invent / take) แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แžែแž˜ួแž™ “I”。
• “I’ve simply identified and organized” (present perfect) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžšแž“េះแž’្แžœើแžšួแž…แž ើแž™ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แžขแžŸ់แžŸាแžšៈ แžŸំแžាแž“់แžกើแž™។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Structure moves like this: Change in world → Big question → Answer → Reason → Humility about principles.
• Long complex opening sentence creates context and leads into two quoted questions.
• Short clause “My answer:” makes the response very clear and direct.
• Explanation sentence beginning with “The reason” gives logical support for his answer.
• Closing sentences show his role: not inventor, but organizer of existing principles.

KM: • แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแž៖ แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžš → แžŸំแžŽួแžšแž’ំ → แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™ → แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុ → แž—ាแž–แž‘ាแž”แž្แž›ួแž“แžขំแž–ីแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠំแž”ូแž„แžœែแž„ แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž”แžšិแž”แž‘ แžšួแž…แž“ាំแž…ូแž›แžŸំแžŽួแžšแž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžš។
• “My answer:” แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แž្แž›ី។
• “The reason:” แž”แž„្แž€ើแž“แž‘แž˜្แž„แž“់แž›ើแž€ាแžšแž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា แž េแžុแžข្แžœីแž”ាแž“แž‡ា Habits แž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸំแžាแž“់។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž…ុแž„ แž€ំแžŽแž់แžួแž“ាแž‘ីแžšแž”แžŸ់แž‚ាแž់แžា แž‚ាแž់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžœាแž‘េ។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • changes, shifts – nouns
  • digitized global marketplace – noun phrase
  • give rise (to) – phrasal verb
  • relevant – adjective
  • universal, timeless, self-evident – adjectives describing “principles”
  • principles – noun
  • enduring, prospering – present participles (adjectives describing societies)
  • invent, take, identified, organized – verbs of action (what he did / did not do)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

In the age of the internet, AI, and global competition, many people suspect that “old” books are outdated. Covey answers this by reminding us that the real foundation of effectiveness is not technology or trends, but principles like integrity, responsibility, and respect. These do not expire, and so the 7 Habits—which are built on those principles—only grow in importance as the world becomes more unstable and fast-changing.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แž™ុแž‚แžขាំแž„แž’ឺแžŽិแž AI แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž›ើแž€แž˜แž€แž›ើแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž‚ិแžแžាแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž…ាแžŸ់แŸ— แž”ាแž“แž ួแžŸแžŸแž˜័แž™។ Covey แž†្แž›ើแž™แžា แž˜ូแž›แžŠ្แž‹ាแž“แž“ៃแž—ាแž–แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแžŸិแž‘្แž’แž—ាแž– แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แžฌ “แž្แžšេแž“” แž្แž˜ីแŸ—แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ាแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžŠូแž…แž‡ា แž—ាแž–แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœ แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แž€ាแžšแž‚ោแžšแž–។ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž˜ិแž“แžขแžŸ់แžŸុแž–แž›แž—ាแž–แž‘េ แžŠូแž…្แž“េះ 7 Habits แžŠែแž›แžŸ្แžិแžแž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž–េแž›แž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€แž€ាแž“់แžែแžขแžŸ្แžិแžšแž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžŠូแžšแž›ឿแž“។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់

give rise to – แž”แž„្แž€แžฑ្แž™แž€ើแž / แž”แžŽ្แžាแž›แžฑ្แž™แž˜ាแž“
ask (someone) a question – แžŸួแžšแžŸំแžŽួแžšแžข្แž“แž€แžŽាแž˜្แž“ាแž€់
be based upon – แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើ
take credit for (something) – แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž€ិแž្แžិแž™แžŸ / แž‚េแžšแžŸ់แž€ិแž្แžិแž™แžŸแž–ីแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™
identify and organize – แžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំ (แž€្แžšុแž˜verbแž‡ាแž‚ូ)

KM: แž“េះแž‡ាแž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ— แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž‘ៅแž”្แžšើแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€แž•្แž‘ាแž›់៖
• give rise to a problem = แž”แž„្แž€แžฑ្แž™แž€ើแžแž”แž‰្แž ា
• be based upon principles = แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍
• take no credit for it = แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž€ិแž្แžិแž™แžŸแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžœា
• identify and organize ideas = แžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž‚ំแž“ិแž

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

One of the most profound learnings of my life is this: if you want to achieve your highest aspirations and overcome your greatest challenges, identify and apply the principle or natural law that governs the results you seek. How we apply a principle will vary greatly and will be determined by our unique strengths, talents, and creativity, but, ultimately, success in any endeavor is always derived from acting in harmony with the principles to which the success is tied.

แž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ំแžŽោแž˜แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់แžšៀแž“แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”ំแž•ុแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំแž‚ឺแž“េះ៖ แž”ើแžข្แž“แž€แž…แž„់แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž”ាแž“แž‚ោแž›​แž”ំแžŽแž„แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแž แžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€ แž“ិแž„แžˆ្แž“ះแž›ើแž”แž‰្แž ាแž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€ แž្แžšូแžœแžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់ แž ើแž™แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžฌแž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ แžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€។ แžšแž”ៀแž”แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž˜ួแž™ แž“ឹแž„แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ แž“ិแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž€ំแžŽแž់แžŠោแž™แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž–ិแžŸេแžŸ แž—ាแž–แž˜ាแž“แž‘េแž–แž€ោแžŸแž›្แž™ แž“ិแž„แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแžŸ្แž“ាแž˜แž…្แž“ៃแž”្แžšแžŒិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ แž“ៅแž‘ីแž”ំแž•ុแž แž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แžŽាแž˜ួแž™ แžែแž„แžែแž…េแž‰แž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžœាแž™แž›េแž„ แž“ិแž„แžŠើแžšแžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžŠែแž›แž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แž“ោះแž”ាแž“แž…แž„แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž›ើแžœា។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey says that one of the deepest lessons of his life is this: whenever you want to reach your highest dreams or solve your hardest problems, you must first find the underlying principle or natural law that controls the results you want, and then apply it. People may apply principles in different ways depending on their strengths, talents, and creativity, but real success always comes from living in harmony with the right principles.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ំแžŽោแž˜แž˜េแžšៀแž“แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแž”ំแž•ុแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚ាแž់แž‚ឺ៖ แžšាแž›់แž–េแž›แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž…แž„់แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž… แž”ាแž“แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃ แžฌแž‚ោแž›​แž”ំแžŽแž„แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแž แž“ិแž„แžŠោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž”แž‰្แž ាแžŠ៏แž–ិแž”ាแž€แž”ំแž•ុแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€ แžข្แž“แž€แž្แžšូแžœแžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€แž‡ាแž˜ុแž“ แžា แžើแž˜ាแž“แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžฌแž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិแžข្แžœី แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž…แž„់แž”ាแž“ แž ើแž™แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแžœា។ แž‘ោះแž”ីแž™ើแž„แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžុแžŸแŸ—แž‚្แž“ា แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž›ើแž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž– แž‘េแž–แž€ោแžŸแž›្แž™ แž“ិแž„แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž…្แž“ៃแž”្แžšแžŒិแž แžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜្แž“ាแž€់แŸ—แž€្แžី แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแžែแž„แžែแž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžŸ្แžšแž”แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœ แžŠែแž›แž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แž“ោះแž”ាแž“แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• “Most profound learnings” means lessons that changed his life at a deep level, not just tips.
• To reach great results, you don’t start with techniques or tricks; you start with principles or natural laws.
• “Govern the results you seek” implies that results are not random. They follow invisible laws (like trust, honesty, cause–effect, etc.).
• Application is personal and flexible: each person uses principles in their own style based on strengths and talents.
• However, the foundation is fixed: true success in any field comes from aligning your behavior with correct principles.
• Hidden message: If we fail, often it’s because we violate or ignore principles, not because life is unfair or we lack tricks.

KM: • “most profound learnings” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž˜េแžšៀแž“แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚ាแž់แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‚្แžšែ แž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแžិแž…แžួแž…។
• แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž’ំแŸ— แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ី “แž…แž›แž“ា” แžฌ “แž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž†แž€់แž†แž€់” แž‘េ แžែแž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžฌแž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ។
• “governs the results you seek” แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แžŠោแž™แž…ៃแžŠแž“្แž™แž‘េ แžœាแžŠើแžšแžាแž˜แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž› (แžŠូแž…แž‡ា แž€ាแžšแž‡ឿแž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់ แž“ិแž„แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แž‘ៀแž„แž‘ាแž់)។
• แž€ាแžšแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž”แž់แž”ែแž“ แžាแž˜แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แž”ុแž‚្แž‚แž›ិแž€แž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜្แž“ាแž€់แŸ—។
• แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‚ោแž›แžŠៅแž˜ូแž›แžŠ្แž‹ាแž“แž˜ិแž“แž”แž់แž”ែแž“៖ แž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แž–ិแžแž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžŸ្แžšแž”แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœ។
• แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜៖ แž–េแž›แž្แž›ះแž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž”แžšាแž‡័แž™ แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแž‚ឺแž™ើแž„แžšំแž›แž„ แžฌแž”ំแž–ាแž“แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž–្แžšោះแž‡ីแžœិแž แžขแž™ុแž្แžិแž’แž˜៌แžฌแž្แžœះแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž‘េ។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • a) One of the most profound learnings of my life is this:
  • b) if you want to achieve your highest aspirations and overcome your greatest challenges, identify and apply the principle or natural law that governs the results you seek.
  • c) How we apply a principle will vary greatly and will be determined by our unique strengths, talents, and creativity,
  • d) but, ultimately, success in any endeavor is always derived from acting in harmony with the principles to which the success is tied.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ a) แž‚ាแž់แžŽែแž“ាំแžា แž“េះแž‡ាแž˜េแžšៀแž“แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž។
b) แž”ើแž…แž„់แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃแž្แž–แžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แžˆ្แž“ះแž”แž‰្แž ាแž’ំแŸ— แž្แžšូแžœแžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€ แž“ិแž„แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž “แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ / แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ” แžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž…แž„់แž”ាแž“។
c) แžšแž”ៀแž”แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž›ើแž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„ แž‘េแž–แž€ោแžŸแž›្แž™ แž“ិแž„แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž‡ាแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜្แž“ាแž€់แŸ—។
d) แžែแž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™ แž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แžែแž„แžែแž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžšแžŸ្แžšแž”แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“ោះ។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • profound learnings – แž˜េแžšៀแž“แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž’ំแž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแž
  • aspirations – แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃ/แž‚ោแž›​แž”ំแžŽแž„แž្แž–แžŸ់แŸ—
  • overcome – แžˆ្แž“ះ แž›ើแž€แž€แž˜្แž–แžŸ់แžกើแž„แž›ើแž”แž‰្แž ា
  • principle – แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ (แž€្แž”ួแž“แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžขាแž€แž”្แž”แž€ិแžšិแž™ា/แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›)
  • natural law – แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ (แž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแžŸแž€แž› แžŠូแž…แž‡ា cause–effect)
  • governs – แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„ / แž”แž‰្แž‡ា
  • endeavor – แž€ាแžšแžិแžแžំแž”្แžšឹแž„แž”្แžšែแž„ แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš / แž‚แž˜្แžšោแž„
  • derived from – แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž…េแž‰แž–ី / แž˜แž€แž–ី
  • acting in harmony with – แžšៀแž”แž…ំแžขាแž€แž”្แž”แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžฑ្แž™แžŸ្แžšแž”/แžŸแž˜ แžšแžœាแž„แž្แž›ួแž“แž™ើแž„ แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍
  • tied (to) – แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž…แž„แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

“One of the most profound learnings … is this:” – classic way to introduce an important principle; “this” refers to the idea in the next clause.
“if you want to …, identify and apply …” – conditional clause (“if”) + imperative-like advice (“identify and apply”).
“that governs the results you seek” – relative clause describing “the principle or natural law”.
“How we apply a principle will vary greatly” – “How” here = the manner; future simple “will vary” for general truth about variation.
“is always derived from acting in harmony with …” – passive form (“is derived”) + gerund (“acting”) to show ongoing behavior as the source.

KM: • “is this:” แž”្แžšើแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž“ាំแž…ូแž›แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់។
• แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’ if + want to + [verb] + identify and apply = แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€្แžšុแž˜แžšแž”ៀแž” “แž”ើแž…แž„់… แž្แžšូแžœ…”។
• “that governs…” แž‡ា relative clause แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แž–ី “principle or natural law”។
• “will vary greatly” แž”្แžšើ future simple แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ូแž‘ៅแžขំแž–ីแž…ំแžŽុแž…แžŠែแž›แž“ឹแž„แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ។
• “is derived from acting in harmony” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™ (success) แž˜ិแž“แž˜แž€แžŠោแž™แž…ៃแžŠแž“្แž™แž‘េ แžែ “แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž€แž˜แž€แž–ី” แžขាแž€แž”្แž”แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŠែแž›แžŸ្แžšแž”แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Structure: Deep lesson → Condition (“if you want…”) → Key action (identify & apply principles) → Flexibility in application → Unchanging foundation of success.
• Opening phrase “One of the most profound learnings…” prepares the reader for something very important.
• Long conditional clause (“if you want to…”) connects our desires and problems to the discipline of finding principles.
• Contrast: application is flexible (varies by person), but principles and their role in success are fixed and universal.

KM: • แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแž៖ แž˜េแžšៀแž“แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅ → แž”ើแžข្แž“แž€แž…แž„់… → แž្แžšូแžœแžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€ แž“ិแž„แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ → แž€ាแžšแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแžขាแž…แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា → แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แžែแž„แžែแž›ើแž€แžกើแž„แž–ីแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŠแžŠែแž›แŸ—។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžœែแž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แžŸแžŽ្แž‹ាแž“แž›ូแžแž›ាแžŸ់แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់ แžŠោแž™แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแž”แž‘แž”ើแž€แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž˜េแžšៀแž“ แžšួแž…แž“ាំแž‘ៅแž€ាแž“់แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž€ាแžš (identify & apply)។
• แž—ាแž–แž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž”៖ แž€ាแžšแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž (application) แžขាแž…แž”แž់แž”ែแž“ แžែแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ (principles) แž˜ិแž“แž”แž់แž”ែแž“។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • learnings, aspirations, challenges, results, success, endeavor – nouns
  • achieve, overcome, identify, apply, governs, derived (from), tied (to) – verbs
  • profound, highest, greatest, unique, natural – adjectives
  • greatly, ultimately, always – adverbs
  • principle, law – nouns (abstract concepts)
  • acting – gerund (verb used as noun) in “from acting in harmony”
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

This sentence expresses a key theme of Covey’s work: principle-centered living. In modern culture people often chase quick fixes or techniques (tips, hacks, tricks). Covey redirects us to look deeper—toward timeless principles such as integrity, responsibility, respect, empathy, and service. Your style can be unique and creative, but if it violates those principles, long-term success will be weak or temporary.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž“េះแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘แžŸំแžាแž“់แž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸ្แž“ាแžŠៃแžšแž”แžŸ់ Covey แž‚ឺ “แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍”។ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž…ូแž›แž…ិแž្แžแžšแž€ “quick fix / hacks” แž™แž€แž„ាแž™แŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ Covey แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžฑ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž…ូแž›แž‘ៅแžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€ แžŸ្แž“ូแž›แžŠ៏แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแž‡ាแž„แžœា แž‚ឺแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍ แžŠូแž…แž‡ា แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់ แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แž€ាแžšแž‚ោแžšแž– แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžขแž“ុแž‚แžšแžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ។ แžšៀแž”แž…ំแžšแž”ៀแž”แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž แžขាแž…แž˜ាแž“แžšแž…แž“ាแž”แž‰្แž‰ើ แž“ិแž„แž…្แž“ៃแž”្แžšแžŒិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់ แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”ើแž”ំแž–ាแž“แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡័แž™แž™ូแžšแžขแž„្แžœែแž„ แž“ឹแž„แž្แžŸោแž™ แžฌแž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž”แžŽ្แžោះแžขាแžŸแž“្แž“แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។

9. Phrasal Verbs & Phrases แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ & แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™

achieve (your) aspirations – แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃ / แž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„
overcome challenges – แžˆ្แž“ះ / แž”แžŠិแž ាแžš แž›ើแž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แžงแž”แžŸแž‚្แž‚
derived from – แž™แž€แž˜แž€แž–ី / แž˜ាแž“แž˜แž€แž–ី
acting in harmony with – แž’្แžœើแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แžšแž”แž‚្แž“ា / แžŸแž˜แžŸ្แžšแž”แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™
tied to – แž…แž„แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™ / แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž›ើ

KM: แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž”្แžšើแž”ាแž“แž“ៅแž្แž„ៃแžŸ្แžšាแž›៖
• I want to achieve my highest aspirations as a leader.
• We must overcome our greatest challenges by going back to principles.
• Real success is derived from acting in harmony with true principles.

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Many people do not think this way, at least consciously. In fact, you will increasingly find that principled solutions stand in stark contrast to the common practices and thinking of our popular culture. Allow me to illustrate this contrast with a few of the most common human challenges we face.

แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ិแž“แž‚ិแžแžាแž˜แž”ែแž”แž“េះแž‘េ แž‡ាแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž“ៅแž€แž˜្แžšិแžแžŠឹแž„แž្แž›ួแž“។ แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž–ិแž แž“ឹแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแžƒើแž‰​แžា “แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍” แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž”៉ិแž“แž”៉ើแž‘ាំแž„แžŸ្แžšុแž„ แž“ឹแž„แžขាแž€แž”្แž”แž€ិแžšិแž™ា แž“ិแž„แžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚ិแžแž‘ូแž‘ៅ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“។ แžŸូแž˜แžขแž“ុแž‰្แž‰ាแžแžฑ្แž™แž្แž‰ុំแž™แž€แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž˜ួแž™แž…ំแž“ួแž“แžขំแž–ីแž”แž‰្แž ាแž’แž˜្แž˜แžា แžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแžแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž្แž„ៃ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแž–แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž“េះแžฒ្แž™แžƒើแž‰แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey says that most people don’t naturally think in a principle-centered way, at least not consciously. As time goes on, you will see that solutions based on true principles often look very different from the usual behaviors and thinking in popular culture. He is about to show this difference by giving examples from common human problems we all face.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž‚ិแžแžាแž˜แž”ែแž”แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘េ แž‡ាแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž“ៅแž€แž˜្แžšិแžแžŠឹแž„แž្แž›ួแž“។ แž–េแž›แžœេแž›ាแž€ាแž“់แžែแž€แž“្แž›แž„แž•ុแž แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแžƒើแž‰แžា แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แžŠែแž›แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž˜ាแž“แžšូแž”แžšាแž„ แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž្แž›ាំแž„แž–ីแžขាแž€แž”្แž”แž€ិแžšិแž™ា แž“ិแž„แžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚ិแžแžŠែแž›แž‘ូแž‘ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’៌แž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜។ แž‚ាแž់แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž”ើแž€แž•្แž›ូแžœแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž“ាំแž™แž€ แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž–ីแž”แž‰្แž ាแž’แž˜្แž˜แžាแž“ាแž“ា แžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แž“ាแž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแž แž‡ាแžงแž”ាแž™แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž“េះแžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แžƒើแž‰។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• “Many people do not think this way” → most people don’t automatically look for principles behind problems.
• “at least consciously” → maybe deep inside they feel principles, but they don’t think about them clearly or deliberately.
• “principled solutions stand in stark contrast” → when you follow principles, your choices may look opposite to what is normal or popular around you.
• “common practices and thinking of our popular culture” → trends, habits, and ideas that most people follow today (media, social networks, advertising, etc.).
• He prepares the reader: next, he will give real-life examples using “common human challenges”.

KM: • “Many people do not think this way” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ិแž“แžŸូแžœแžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€ “แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍” แž–េแž›แž‚ិแžแžขំแž–ីแž”แž‰្แž ាแž‘េ។
• “at least consciously” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แžขាแž…แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แžแž‡្แžšៅแŸ— แžែแž–ុំแž”ាแž“แž‚ិแžแž”ែแž”แž–ិแž…ាแžšแžŽា แžฒ្แž™แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€្แž”ាแž›។
• “stand in stark contrast” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแž–แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž”៉ិแž“แž”៉ើ แžฌแžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž្แž›ាំแž„แžšแžœាแž„แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แžšแž”ៀแž”แž’្แžœើแžŠែแž›แž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™។
• “common practices and thinking of our popular culture” แžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់แž–ីแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់ แž“ិแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแž แžŠែแž›แž‡ាแž”ែแž” “แž‚េแž’្แžœើ” แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី (แž”៉្แžšแž€ាแžŸ แž–ាแžŽិแž‡្แž‡แž€แž˜្แž˜ แž”แžŽ្แžាแž‰แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜…)។
• Covey แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž…ិแž្แžแžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“ แžាแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž‘ៅ แž‘ៅแž‚ាแž់แž“ឹแž„แž™แž€แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž–ីแž”แž‰្แž ាแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แžšាแž›់แž‚្แž“ា แž‡ួแž”แž”្แžšแž‘ះ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž•្แž‘ុแž™แž“េះแžฒ្แž™แžŸ៊ីแž‡แž˜្แžšៅ។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • (1) Many people do not think this way, at least consciously.
  • (2) In fact, you will increasingly find that principled solutions stand in stark contrast to the common practices and thinking of our popular culture.
  • (3) Allow me to illustrate this contrast with a few of the most common human challenges we face.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ (1) แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž‚ិแžแžាแž˜แž”ែแž”แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘េ (แž™៉ាแž„แž ោแž…แžŽាแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแžŠឹแž„แž្แž›ួแž“)។
(2) แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ៅ แž€ាแž“់แžែแž‘ៅแž˜ុแž แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแžƒើแž‰แžា แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž˜ាแž“แžšូแž”แžšាแž„แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា แž™៉ាแž„แž…្แžšើแž“แž–ីแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់ แž“ិแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜។
(3) แž‚ាแž់แžŸុំแžขแž“ុแž‰្แž‰ាแžแž™แž€แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž–ីแž”แž‰្แž ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‘ូแž‘ៅ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแž–แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž“េះแžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แžƒើแž‰។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • consciously – แžŠឹแž„แž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ាแž€់แž›ាแž€់ / แžŠឹแž„แžាแž្แž›ួแž“แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž‚ិแž/แž’្แžœើ
  • increasingly – แž€ាแž“់แžែ…แžกើแž„แŸ— (more and more over time)
  • principled solutions – แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍
  • stand in stark contrast (to) – แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž™៉ាแž„แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់ / แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž្แž›ាំแž„
  • common practices – แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់ / แžšแž”ៀแž”แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‘ូแž‘ៅ
  • popular culture – แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜ (music, movies, social media, trends…)
  • illustrate – แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž‡ាแžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍ / แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžŠោแž™แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍
  • challenges we face – แž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แžงแž”แžŸแž‚្แž‚แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แž˜ុแž
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

“do not think this way” – simple present → general truth about how people usually think.
“at least consciously” – adverb phrase softens the statement; it suggests there may be unconscious beliefs too.
“you will increasingly find that …” – “will + increasingly + verb” shows a growing experience over time.
“stand in stark contrast to …” – idiomatic expression; “stand” here means “to be placed / to appear as”.
“Allow me to …” – polite, formal way to introduce examples or a next step in an argument.

KM: • simple present “do not think” แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ូแž‘ៅ។
• “at least consciously” แž‡ាแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž”แž“្แžែแž˜ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŸ្แžšាแž› แž“ិแž„แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœแž”แž“្แžែแž˜។
• “you will increasingly find” = แžข្แž“แž€แž“ឹแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแžƒើแž‰แžា… แž€ាแž›แžขแž“ាแž‚แžแž”្แžšើแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž”្แžšแž˜ូแž›แž”แž‘แž–ិแžŸោแž’แž“៍។
• “stand in stark contrast” แž‡ាแž–ាแž€្แž™แž”្แžšើแžšួแž˜ แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ formal แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž្แž›ាំแž„។
• “Allow me to illustrate …” แž‚ឺแžŸ្แž‘ីแž›แžŸុแž—ាแž–แžšាแž”แžŸា แž”្แžšើแž˜ុแž“แž–េแž›แžŽែแž“ាំแžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž្แž˜ី។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Sentence (1) = statement about most people’s thinking (topic sentence).
• Sentence (2) = explanation and expansion: what you will discover about principled solutions versus popular culture.
• Sentence (3) = transition sentence: moves from theory → concrete examples (“Allow me to illustrate…”).
• Flow of logic → People don’t think this way → principles look very different from popular culture → I will show you using real-life challenges.

KM: • แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‘ីแŸก แžŠាแž€់ “แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“” – แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž‚ិแžแž˜ិแž“แžŠូแž…แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‘ីแŸข แž”แž€แžŸ្แžšាแž™แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា แžšแžœាแž„ “principled solutions” แž“ិแž„ “popular culture”.
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‘ីแŸฃ แž‡ាแžŸ្แž–ាแž“ (transition) แž–ីแž‘្แžšឹแžŸ្แžីแž‘ៅแžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž‡ាแž€់แžŸ្แžែแž„។
• แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แžšួแž…แžšាแž›់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž•្แž“ែแž€แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់ แžŠែแž› Covey แž“ឹแž„แž™แž€แž”แž‰្แž ាแž‡ាแž€់แžŸ្แžែแž„แž˜แž€แž–แž“្แž™แž›់។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • people, way, solutions, contrast, practices, thinking, culture, challenges – nouns
  • think, find, stand, illustrate, face – verbs
  • many, common, popular – adjectives
  • consciously, increasingly – adverbs
  • in fact – linking phrase (adverbial phrase) introducing emphasis
  • stark (contrast) – adjective giving strong intensity to “contrast”
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

Covey is warning that principle-centered living will often not match the messages we receive from popular culture (social media, advertising, entertainment). Popular culture may reward speed, image, and short-term gain, while principles demand honesty, patience, and long-term responsibility. This tension is a central theme of The 7 Habits.

KM: Covey แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž–្แžšแž˜ាแž“แžា แž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž˜្แžแž„แž˜្แž€ាแž›แž“ឹแž„แž˜ិแž“แžŸូแžœแžŸ្แžšแž”แž‚្แž“ា แž“ឹแž„แžŸាแžšៈแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’แž–ីแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜ (แž”แžŽ្แžាแž‰แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž–ាแžŽិแž‡្แž‡แž€แž˜្แž˜ แž—ាแž–แž›្แž”ីแž›្แž”ាแž‰…) แž‘េ។ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜ แž‡ាแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់แž›ើแž€แžŸ្แž‘ួแž™แž›្แž”ឿแž“แžšแž ័แžŸ แžšូแž”แž˜แž“្แžแž្แž›ីแŸ— แž“ិแž„แžข្แžœីแŸ—แžขោแž™แž‘ាแž“់แžŸแž˜័แž™ แžแžŽៈแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžขំแž–ាแžœแž“ាแžœแžฑ្แž™แž™ើแž„แžšแžŸ់ แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់ แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់ แž“ិแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœแž™ូแžšแžขแž„្แžœែแž„។ แž—ាแž–แžាแž“แžឹแž„แžšแžœាแž„ “principles vs. popular culture” แž“េះ แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘แžŸំแžាแž“់แž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„ The 7 Habits

9. Phrasal Verbs & Phrases แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ & แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™

think this way – แž‚ិแžแžាแž˜แž”ែแž”แž“េះ / แžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚ិแžแž˜ុแžแž˜ាแž់แž“េះ
in fact – แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ៅ / แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž‘ៅ
stand in stark contrast (to) – แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ / แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž្แž›ាំแž„แž–ី
popular culture – แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž–េแž‰แž“ិแž™แž˜แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“
challenges we face – แž”แž‰្แž ា แžฌแž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž‡ួแž”

KM แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž”្แžšើแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž្แž˜ី៖
• Principle-centered decisions often stand in stark contrast to what popular culture suggests.
• Let me illustrate this contrast with an example from my own life.

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Fear and insecurity. So many people today are gripped with a sense of fear. They fear for the future. They feel vulnerable in the workplace. They are afraid of losing their jobs and their ability to provide for their families. This vulnerability often fosters a resignation to riskless living and to co-dependency with others at work and at home. Our culture’s common response to this problem is to become more and more independent. “I’m going to focus on ‘me and mine.’ I’ll do my job, do it well, and get on to my real joys off the job.” Independence is an important, even vital, value and achievement. The problem is, we live in an interdependent reality, and our most important accomplishments require interdependency skills well beyond our present abilities.

แž€ាแžšแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž… แž“ិแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸុแžœแž្แžិแž—ាแž–។ แž“ៅแžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“ แž˜ាแž“แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž‚ាแž”់ แžฒ្แž™แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž…។ แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž—័แž™แžขแž“ាแž‚แž แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžាแž្แž›ួแž“แž„ាแž™แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះแž“ៅแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž ើแž™แž្แž›ាแž…แžាแžแž”แž„់แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แžšแž€แž…ំแžŽូแž›แž”្แžšแž€แž”แžšួแž˜แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš។ แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž„ាแž™แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះแž“េះ แž‡ាแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž›ះแž”แž„់แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™ แž ើแž™แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž”ែแž” “แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™” แž“ិแž„แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž្แž›ាំแž„แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แž‘ាំแž„แž“ៅแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž“ិแž„แž“ៅแž•្แž‘ះ។ แž€ាแžšแž†្แž›ើแž™แžแž”แž’แž˜្แž˜แžាแžšแž”แžŸ់แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž™ើแž„แž…ំแž–ោះแž”แž‰្แž ាแž“េះ แž‚ឺแž”แžŽ្แžាแž›แžฒ្แž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž€្แž›ាแž™แž‘ៅแž‡ាแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ แž€ាแž“់แžែแž…្แžšើแž“ — “แž្แž‰ុំแž“ឹแž„แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž្แž‰ុំ แž“ិแž„แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแž្แž‰ុំ។ แž្แž‰ុំแž“ឹแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžšแž្แž‰ុំแžฑ្แž™แž›្แžข แž ើแž™แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž…ូแž›แžšួแž˜ แžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž€្แžšៅแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš។” แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ แž‡ាแžแž˜្แž›ៃ แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜ិแž‘្แž’ិแž•แž›แžŸំแžាแž“់แž្แž›ាំแž„แž˜ួแž™។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”แž‰្แž ាแž‚ឺ แž™ើแž„แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž—ាแž– “แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ាแž‘ៅแžœិแž‰แž‘ៅแž˜แž€” แž ើแž™แžŸแž˜ិแž‘្แž’ិแž•แž›แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”ំแž•ុแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„ แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž‡ំแž“ាแž‰ แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា (interdependency skills) แžŠែแž›แž›ើแžŸแž–ីแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž‘ៅแž‘ៀแž។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey describes how many people today live in fear and insecurity. They worry about the future, their jobs, and their ability to support their families. This fear makes them avoid risk and depend too much on others. Society’s usual answer is “become more independent” and focus on yourself. Covey agrees that independence is valuable, but he explains that real life is interdependent, and our greatest achievements require strong interdependence skills that most of us haven’t developed yet.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แžšៀแž”แžšាแž”់แž–ីแžšแž”ៀแž”แžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž… แž“ិแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸុแžœแž្แžិแž—ាแž–។ แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž”ាแžšแž˜្แž—แžขแž“ាแž‚แž แž”ាแžšแž˜្แž—แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แžšแž€แž…ំแžŽូแž›แž‡ួแž™แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš។ แž€ាแžšแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž…แž“េះแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž–ួแž€แž‚េ แž‡ៀแžŸแžœាแž„แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™ แž ើแž™แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‘ៅแž‡ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แž្แž›ាំแž„แž“ៅแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž“ិแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž•្แž‘ះ។ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‘ូแž‘ៅแž†្แž›ើแž™แžแž”แžŠោแž™แž”แžŽ្แžុំแž“ិแž™แž˜แžฒ្แž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ “แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™” แž“ិแž„แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។ Covey แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แžា แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™แž‚ឺแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‚ាแž់แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា แž‡ីแžœិแžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž‚ឺแž‡ា “แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា” แž ើแž™แžŸแž˜ិแž‘្แž’ិแž•แž›แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž‡ំแž“ាแž‰แžšแžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แžŠែแž›แž›ើแžŸแž–ីแž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„

EN:

“Fear and insecurity.” – sets the emotional theme: anxiety and not feeling safe.
• People fear losing jobs and income → they feel exposed and weak in a changing economy.
• This fear pushes them to choose “safe” options: no risk, depend on others, just survive.
• Culture’s common advice: “Protect yourself, focus on you, be more independent.”
• Covey partially agrees (independence is vital), but he adds a deeper layer: life is built on interdependence (families, teams, organizations, societies).
• Inference: If we only chase independence, we may feel safer for a while, but we will never reach our highest potential because great results require working effectively with others.

KM: • “Fear and insecurity” แž€ំแžŽแž់แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžŸំแžាแž“់៖ แž—័แž™ แž€แž„្แžœแž›់ แžŸแž„្แžŸ័แž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។
• แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž…แž”ាแž់แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž“ិแž„แž”្แžšាแž€់แž…ំแžŽូแž› → แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžាแž្แž›ួแž“แž„ាแž™แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž… แžŠែแž›แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž្แž›ាំแž„។
• แž€ាแžšแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž…แž‚្แžšោះแž្แž“ាแž€់แž“េះ แž‡ំแžšុแž‰แžฒ្แž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡្แžšើแžŸแžšើแžŸแž‡ីแžœិแž “แžŸុแžœแž្แžិแž—ាแž–แž–េแž€” แž‚ឺแž˜ិแž“แž ៊ាแž“แžŸាแž€แž›្แž”แž„ แžข្แžœីแž្แž˜ី แž ើแž™แž–ឹแž„แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។
• แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‘ូแž‘ៅแž•្แžแž›់แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แžា “แžขោแž™แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ แž€ុំแž‚ិแžแž–ីแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž…្แžšើแž“แž–េแž€”។
• Covey แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™แžŸំแžាแž“់ แžែแž‡ីแžœិแžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž—ាแž– “แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា” แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž€្แžšុแž˜แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž€្แžšុแž˜แž ៊ុแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แž‘ាំแž„แž˜ូแž›។
• แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់៖ แž”ើแžែแž™ើแž„แž…แž„់แžŸុแžœแž្แžិแž—ាแž–แž”ែแž”แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แž˜ិแž“แž’្แž›ាแž€់แžŠแž›់แž€แž˜្แžšិแž แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแžแž”ាแž“แž‘េ แž–្แžšោះแžŸแž˜ិแž‘្แž’ិแž•แž›แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแžแž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž€ាแžšแžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • (a) Fear and insecurity.
  • (b) So many people today are gripped with a sense of fear.
  • (c) They fear for the future.
  • (d) They feel vulnerable in the workplace.
  • (e) They are afraid of losing their jobs and their ability to provide for their families.
  • (f) This vulnerability often fosters a resignation to riskless living and to co-dependency with others at work and at home.
  • (g) Our culture’s common response to this problem is to become more and more independent.
  • (h) “I’m going to focus on ‘me and mine.’ I’ll do my job, do it well, and get on to my real joys off the job.”
  • (i) Independence is an important, even vital, value and achievement.
  • (j) The problem is, we live in an interdependent reality, and our most important accomplishments require interdependency skills well beyond our present abilities.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ (a–e) แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแžขំแž–ីแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž… แž“ិแž„แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុ (แžขแž“ាแž‚แž แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš)។
(f) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž•แž›แžœិแž”ាแž€៖ แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™ แž“ិแž„แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។
(g–h) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‘ូแž‘ៅ៖ แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ แž•្แžោแžแž›ើ “แž្แž‰ុំ แž“ិแž„แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំ”។
(i–j) Covey แžŸแžšแžŸើแžšแžแž˜្แž›ៃแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”แž‰្แž…េแž‰ “แž”แž‰្แž ាแž…แž˜្แž”แž„” แžា แž‡ីแžœិแžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž—ាแž–แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា แž“ិแž„แž‡ំแž“ាแž‰แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • fear – แž€ាแžšแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž…
  • insecurity – แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸុแžœแž្แžិแž—ាแž– / แž˜ិแž“แž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž›ើแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„
  • be gripped with – แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“ “แž…ាแž”់” แžฌ “แž…ាแž€់แžŸោ” แžŠោแž™แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžŽាแž˜ួแž™
  • vulnerable – แž„ាแž™แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ / แž„ាแž™แž្แžšូแžœแžšแž„แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់
  • provide for (someone) – แž•្แž‚แž់แž•្แž‚แž„់ / แž…ិแž‰្แž…ឹแž˜แž‡ីแžœិแžแžฑ្แž™…
  • resignation (to) – แž€ាแžšแž›ះแž”แž„់ แž€ាแžšแž–្แžšแž˜แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŠោแž™แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž™ុแž‘្แž’
  • riskless living – แž‡ីแžœិแžแžŠែแž›แž‡ៀแžŸแžœាแž„แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់
  • co-dependency – แž€ាแžšแžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž–េแž€ (แž—ាแž‚ីแž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžšแž–ឹแž„แž›ើแž‚្แž“ា)
  • independent / independence – แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ / แž—ាแž–แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™
  • interdependent / interdependency – แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា / แž—ាแž–แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ាแž‘ៅแžœិแž‰แž‘ៅแž˜แž€
  • accomplishments – แžŸแž˜ិแž‘្แž’ិแž•แž› / แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

“Fear and insecurity.” – a short noun phrase used as a dramatic opening (no verb).
“are gripped with a sense of fear” – passive voice + metaphor; fear “holds” them.
“This vulnerability often fosters …” – “fosters” = causes or encourages something to grow.
“resignation to riskless living” – “resignation to” = accepting something you don’t really like but feel you can’t change.
• Direct quote “I’m going to focus on ‘me and mine.’ …” – shows inner self-talk of many people.
“The problem is, …” – typical way to introduce the main point / contrast in English.

KM: • แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž្แž›ី “Fear and insecurity.” แžŠាแž€់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”ើแž€แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘แžŠោแž™แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ (แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘)។
• “are gripped with” แž”្แžšើ passive voice แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž—័แž™ “แž€ាแž“់แž€ាแž”់” แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ។
• “fosters” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž‡ំแžšុแž‰ แžฒ្แž™แžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™แž€ើแž“แžกើแž„ / แž”แž„្แž€ើแž។
• “resignation to …” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž›ះแž”แž„់ แž”ែแž” “แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžšើแžŸ” แž‘េ។
• แž€ាแžšแžŠแž€แžŸ្แžšแž„់แžŸំแžกេแž„แž•្แž‘ាแž›់ in quotes แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž“ិแž™ាแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž។
• “The problem is …” แž‡ាแžŸแž˜្แžšแž„់แž’แž˜្แž˜แžា แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…ំแžŽុแž…แžŸំแžាแž“់ แžฌแž—ាแž–แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Step 1: Naming the theme – “Fear and insecurity.”
• Step 2: Describing emotional state – a series of short sentences about fear of future, work, job loss, family support.
• Step 3: Showing consequence – vulnerability → riskless living + co-dependency.
• Step 4: Showing cultural reaction – move toward independence and self-focus.
• Step 5: Reframing – independence is good but not enough because reality is interdependent.
• Structure moves from emotion → behavior → culture → deeper principle.

KM: • แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž‘ីแŸก: แžŠាแž€់แž…ំแžŽแž„់แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘ “Fear and insecurity”។
• แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž‘ីแŸข: แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ (แž—័แž™แžขแž“ាแž‚แž แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš)។
• แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž‘ីแŸฃ: แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž•แž›แžœិแž”ាแž€ — แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™ แž“ិแž„แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។
• แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž‘ីแŸค: แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ — แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™ แž“ិแž„ “แž្แž‰ុំ”។
• แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž‘ីแŸฅ: แž”แž€แžกើแž„แž‘ៅแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ — แžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™แžŸំแžាแž“់ แž”៉ុแž“្แžេแž˜ិแž“แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់ แž–្แžšោះแž‡ីแžœិแžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž—ាแž–แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា។
• แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž“េះแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš៖ แž–ីแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ → แž‘ៅแžขាแž€แž”្แž”แž€ិแžšិแž™ា → แž‘ៅแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ → แž‘ៅแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • fear, insecurity, future, workplace, jobs, families, vulnerability, living, co-dependency, culture, response, value, achievement, reality, accomplishments, abilities – nouns
  • are gripped, fear, feel, are afraid, provide, fosters, become, focus, do, get on, live, require – verbs / verb phrases
  • riskless, common, important, vital, interdependent, present – adjectives
  • often, more and more, well, beyond – adverbs / adverbial expressions
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

In modern economies, jobs feel unstable and change is fast. Many people respond by protecting themselves and withdrawing into private life. Covey criticizes a culture that says, “just focus on yourself,” because families, companies, and societies need people who can cooperate and trust each other. This paragraph prepares the reader for Habit 4–6 (Win–Win, Seek First to Understand, Synergize), which are all about interdependence.

KM: แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“ แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžšแž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž˜ិแž“แžេแžš แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแžšแž ័แžŸ។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž†្แž›ើแž™แžแž”แžŠោแž™แž€ាแžšแž€ាแžšแž–ាแžšแž្แž›ួแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŠแž€แž្แž›ួแž“แž…េแž‰แž–ីแžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜។ Covey แžœាแž™แžแž˜្แž›ៃแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŠែแž›แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžែแžា “แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„” แž–្แžšោះแž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž€្แžšុแž˜แž ៊ុแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž“ិแž„แž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž›ើแž‚្แž“ាแž”ាแž“។ แž€แžាแžแžŽ្แžŒแž“េះ แžšៀแž”แž…ំแžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់ Habit 4–6 (Win–Win, Seek First to Understand, Synergize) แžŠែแž›แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แžŸុแž‘្แž’แžŸឹแž„แž‡ាแžขំแž–ីแž—ាแž–แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ា។

9. Phrasal Verbs & Phrases แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ & แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™

be gripped with a sense of fear – แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž…ាแž”់แž™แž€ / แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŠោแž™แž€ាแžšแž—័แž™แž្แž›ាแž…
provide for their families – แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž‘្แžšแž–្แž™แž’แž“แž…ិแž‰្แž…ឹแž˜แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš
resignation to riskless living – แž›ះแž”แž„់ แž“ិแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž™แž€แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž ាแž“ិแž—័แž™
co-dependency with others – แžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž–េแž€แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ
focus on “me and mine” – แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž“ិแž„แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ
get on to my real joys – แž”แž“្แžแž‘ៅแžšแž€แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž្แž›ួแž“แž…ូแž›แž…ិแž្แžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ
live in an interdependent reality – แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž–ិแž—แž–แžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžขាแžŸ្แžš័แž™แž‚្แž“ាแž‘ៅแžœិแž‰แž‘ៅแž˜แž€

KM แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž”្แžšើแž្แž˜ី៖
• Many workers today are gripped with fear about the future.
• If we only focus on “me and mine”, we will never learn true interdependence.

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

“I want it now.” People want things and want them now. “I want money. I want a nice, big house, a nice car, the biggest and best entertainment center. I want it all and I deserve it.” Though today’s “credit card” society makes it easy to “get now and pay later,” economic realities eventually set in, and we are reminded, sometimes painfully, that our purchases cannot outstrip our ongoing ability to produce. Pretending otherwise is unsustainable. The demands of interest are unrelenting and unforgiving. Even working hard is not enough. With the dizzying rate of change in technology and increasing competition driven by the globalization of markets and technology, we must not only be educated, we must constantly re-educate and reinvent ourselves. We must develop our minds and continually sharpen and invest in the development of our competencies to avoid becoming obsolete. At work, the bosses drive results, and for good reason. Competition is fierce; survival is at stake. The need to produce today is today’s reality and represents the demands of capital, but the real mantra of success is sustainability and growth. You may be able to meet your quarterly numbers, but the real question is, are you making the necessary investment that will sustain and increase that success one, five, and ten years from now? Our culture and Wall Street scream for results today. But the principle of balancing the need to meet today’s demands with the need to invest in the capabilities that will produce tomorrow’s success is unavoidable. The same is true of your health, your marriage, your family relationships, and your community needs.

“แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แžฅแžกូแžœแž“េះเน€เธฅเธข”។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แžข្แžœីแŸ— แž ើแž™แž…แž„់แžฒ្แž™แž”ាแž“แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ—។ “แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แž›ុแž™។ แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แž•្แž‘ះแž’ំแžŸ្แžขាแž แžšแžแž™แž“្แžแž›្แžข แž ាแž„แž€ំแžŸាแž“្แžแž”្แž›ែแž€แŸ—แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž แž“ិแž„แž›្แžขแž”ំแž•ុแž។ แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แžขแžŸ់แž‚្แžšแž”់แž™៉ាแž„ แž ើแž™แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ាแž“แžŸិแž‘្แž’ិแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžœា”។ แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ “แž€ាแžแžฅแžŽแž‘ាแž“” แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžœាแž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแžšើแžŸแž™แž€ “แž‘ិแž‰แžฅแžกូแžœ แž‘ូแž‘ាแž់แž–េแž›แž€្แžšោแž™” แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž“ឹแž„แž˜แž€แžŠแž›់แž“ៅแž…แž“្แž›ោះแž–េแž›แžŽាแž˜ួแž™ แž ើแž™แžšំแž›ឹแž€แž™ើแž„ (แž្แž›ះแž–េแž›แžˆឺแž…ាแž”់แžŽាแžŸ់) แžា แž€ាแžšแž…ំแžŽាแž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž›ើแžŸแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž•แž›ិแž แž“ិแž„แžšแž€แž…ំแžŽូแž›แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž“แž‘េ។ แž€ាแžšแž’្แžœើแž‡ាแž˜ិแž“แžŠឹแž„แž˜ិแž“แžƒើแž‰แž“េះ แž‚ឺแž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘ៅแž”ាแž“แž™ូแžš។ แž€ាแžšแž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž”្แžšាแž€់แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž…ាំแžែ/แž”្แžšแž…ាំแž†្แž“ាំ แž‚ឺแž˜ិแž“แžˆแž”់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž€ แž ើแž™แž˜ិแž“แžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់แžกើแž™។ แž€ាแžšแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแžំแž”្แžšឹแž„แžែแž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ แž€៏แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แžšแž”แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžŠែแžš។ แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž“ឹแž„แž›្แž”ឿแž“แž”ំแž—ាแž“់แž“ៃ แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ាแž្แž˜ីแŸ— แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแž្แž›ាំแž„แžŠោแž™แžŸាแžšแžែแžŸแž€แž›แž—ាแžœូแž”แž“ីแž™แž€แž˜្แž˜ แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แžែแž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš “แž”ាแž“แžšៀแž“” แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះแž‘េ แžែแž្แžšូแžœ “แžšៀแž“แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…” แž“ិแž„แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰แž‡ាแž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់។ แž™ើแž„แž្แžšូแžœแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž‚ំแž“ិแž แž“ិแž„แž”แž“្แžแž”ិแž‘ “แž˜ុแž˜แž€ាំแž”ិแž” (แž‡ំแž“ាแž‰) แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„ แž ើแž™แžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚แž›ើแž€ាแžšแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž– แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž€ុំแžฒ្แž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž›ែแž„แž”្แžšើแž”ាแž“។ แž“ៅแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแžšុแž‰แž្แž›ែแž„แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž› แž ើแž™แžœាแž˜ាแž“แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុ แž–្แžšោះแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ แž ើแž™แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž– “แžšแžŸ់แžšាแž€់แž‘ៅ แžšឺแž‡្แžšុះแž…ុះ” แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’។ แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž•แž›ិแžแž”ាแž“แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž„ៃแž“េះ แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž›แž”แž“្แž‘ុแž€แž“ៃ “แžšូแž”ិแž™แž’แž“” แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ “แž˜แž“្แžแžŸ្แž“េแž ៍” แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž“ៃแž—ាแž–แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™ แž‚ឺ “แž€ាแžšแžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘ីแžាំแž„ แž“ិแž„แž€ំแžŽើแž“”។ แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž“ឹแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž”ាแž“แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž‚ោแž›แžŠៅแž្แžšីแž˜ាแžŸแžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€ แžែแžŸំแžŽួแžšแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž‚ឺ៖ แžើแžข្แž“แž€แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚ แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžšแž€្แžŸា แž“ិแž„แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž—ាแž–แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แž“េះ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžšแž™ៈแž–េแž›แž˜ួแž™แž†្แž“ាំ แž”្แžšាំแž†្แž“ាំ แž“ិแž„แžŠแž”់แž†្แž“ាំแžាแž„แž˜ុแžแžฌแž‘េ? แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‘ូแž‘ៅ แž“ិแž„แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžš (Wall Street) แž‚្แžšแž ឹแž˜แžាแžœ แžាแžข្แž“แž€แž្แžšូแžœแž•្แžแž›់แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž„ៃแž“េះ។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž€្แžីแž–ិแžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž‚ឺแž្แžšូแžœแžែ “แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–” แžšแžœាแž„ แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž› แž្แž„ៃแž“េះ แž“ិแž„ แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแžฒ្แž™แžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚แž›ើแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž– แžŠែแž›แž“ឹแž„แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แžŸ្แžขែแž€។ แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž“េះแžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា แž‘ាំแž„แž…ំแž–ោះแžŸុแžแž—ាแž–แžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€ แž€ាแžšแžšៀแž”แž€ាแžšแžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€ แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž…ូแž›แžšួแž˜แž‡ួแž™แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“៍។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey talks about the “I want it now” mentality. People want money, houses, cars, and comfort immediately, helped by easy credit. But reality eventually reminds us that we cannot spend more than we can continually produce. Interest and debt are harsh teachers. Because technology and competition change so fast, it is not enough just to work hard once; we must keep learning and upgrading ourselves or we become obsolete. Companies and Wall Street demand short-term results, but true success comes from balancing today’s production with investment in the capabilities that will create future success in our work, health, marriage, family, and community.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžขំแž–ីแž…េแžแž“ាแžŠแž›់ “แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แžฅแžกូแžœแž“េះ”។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แž›ុแž™ แž•្แž‘ះ แžšแžแž™แž“្แž แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แž€ំแžŸាแž“្แž แž™៉ាแž„แž†ាแž”់แžšแž ័แžŸ แž‡ួแž™แž•្แžแž›់แžŠោแž™แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แž€ាแžแžฅแžŽแž‘ាแž“แž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž›។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ីแžœិแžแž“ឹแž„แžšំแž›ឹแž€แž™ើแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž˜แž€แžា แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž›ើแžŸ แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž•แž›ិแž แž“ិแž„แžšแž€แž…ំแžŽូแž›แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž“แž‘េ แž ើแž™แž”ំแžŽុแž› + แž”្แžšាแž€់แž€ាแžšแž‚ឺแž‡ាแž‚្แžšូแžŸ្แž‘ាแž់แžŠែแž›แž€ាแž…់แž€្แžៅ។ แžŠោแž™แžŸាแžšแž›្แž”ឿแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš แž“ៃแž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แžŸแž€แž› แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž–ឹแž„แž›ើ “แž€ាแžšแžំแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš” แžŠแž„แž˜ួแž™แž”ាแž“แž‘េ แžែแž្แžšូแžœแžšៀแž“แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰ แž“ិแž„แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž… แž˜ិแž“แžŠូแž…្แž“ោះแž‘េ แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž›ែแž„แž˜ាแž“แžแž˜្แž›ៃ។ แž€្แžšុแž˜แž ៊ុแž“ แž“ិแž„แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžšแžขแžŸ់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž ៅแž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžš แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž—ាแž–แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแžšแž€แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž– แžšแžœាแž„แž•แž›ិแžแž—ាแž–แž្แž„ៃแž“េះ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚แž›ើแž‡ំแž“ាแž‰ แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แžŠែแž›แž“ឹแž„แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž—ាแž–แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แžŸ្แžขែแž€ — แž‘ាំแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž€ាแžšแžšៀแž”แž€ាแžš แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“៍។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• The paragraph starts with the inner voice of consumer desire: “I want it now … I deserve it.”
• Credit cards make this desire feel possible, but only temporarily.
• Economic reality = you cannot keep buying more than you are able to produce and earn.
• Interest is described as “unrelenting and unforgiving” → debt keeps pushing you, even when you are tired or struggling.
• Because of rapid change and globalization, working hard on yesterday’s skills is not enough; we must keep learning and reinventing ourselves.
• Bosses push for short-term results, but Covey warns that real success is long-term: sustainability and growth.
• Inference: If you only chase today’s numbers but do not invest in future capability, your success will collapse later. This applies not only to money and business, but also to health, marriage, and family relationships.

KM: • แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„แžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€แž”្แžšើแž”្แžšាแžŸ់៖ “แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แžฅแžกូแžœแž“េះ… แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ាแž“แžŸិแž‘្แž’ិแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžœា”។
• แž€ាแžแžฅแžŽแž‘ាแž“แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž€ាแžšแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แž“េះ แž‘ៅแžŠแž›់แž”ាแž“แž„ាแž™ แž–េแž›แž្แž›ី แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍។
• แž‡ីแžœិแžแžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž‚ឺ “แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž›ើแžŸแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž•แž›ិแž แž“ិแž„แžšแž€แž”្แžšាแž€់” แž ើแž™แž”ើแž’្แžœើ แž”្แžšាแž€់แž€ាแžšแž“ឹแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ា แž”แž“្แž‘ុแž€แž˜ិแž“แžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់។
• แž€្แž“ុแž„แž–ិแž—แž–แžŠែแž›แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž“ិแž„แž‘ីแž•្แžŸាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž†ាแž”់แžŽាแžŸ់ แž€ាแžšแžំแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แžŠោแž™แž˜ិแž“แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž‡ំแž“ាแž‰แž្แž˜ី แž‚ឺแž˜ិแž“แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់។
• แž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแž€្แž“ុแž„แž€្แžšុแž˜แž ៊ុแž“ แž្แžšូแžœแžšុแž‰แžŠแž›់แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž›ីแŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ Covey แž–្แžšแž˜ាแž“แžា แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚แž›ើแžขแž“ាแž‚แž แž“ោះแž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž„ៃแž“េះแžขាแž…แž“ឹแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”แžšាแž‡័แž™แž“ាแž–េแž›แž€្แžšោแž™។
• แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់៖ “Sharpen the saw” แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž ិแžšแž‰្แž‰แžœแž្แžុ แžขាแž‡ីแžœแž€แž˜្แž˜ แžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แž€៏แžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • (a) “I want it now.” People want things and want them now.
  • (b) “I want money. I want a nice, big house, a nice car, the biggest and best entertainment center. I want it all and I deserve it.”
  • (c) Though today’s “credit card” society makes it easy to “get now and pay later,” economic realities eventually set in…
  • (d) …our purchases cannot outstrip our ongoing ability to produce.
  • (e) Pretending otherwise is unsustainable.
  • (f) The demands of interest are unrelenting and unforgiving.
  • (g) Even working hard is not enough.
  • (h) With the dizzying rate of change in technology and increasing competition… we must not only be educated, we must constantly re-educate and reinvent ourselves.
  • (i) We must develop our minds and continually sharpen and invest in the development of our competencies to avoid becoming obsolete.
  • (j) At work, the bosses drive results, and for good reason. Competition is fierce; survival is at stake.
  • (k) The need to produce today is today’s reality and represents the demands of capital, but the real mantra of success is sustainability and growth.
  • (l) You may be able to meet your quarterly numbers, but … are you making the necessary investment that will sustain and increase that success one, five, and ten years from now?
  • (m) Our culture and Wall Street scream for results today.
  • (n) But the principle of balancing the need to meet today’s demands with the need to invest in the capabilities that will produce tomorrow’s success is unavoidable.
  • (o) The same is true of your health, your marriage, your family relationships, and your community needs.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ (a–b) แžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„ “I want it now” แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž‡ីแžข្แžœីแŸ—แžŠែแž›แž…แž„់แž”ាแž“។
(c–g) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž‚្แžšោះแž្แž“ាแž€់แž“ៃแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž˜ាแž“แž”ំแžŽុแž› แž“ិแž„แž”្แžšាแž€់แž€ាแžšแž˜ិแž“แžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់។
(h–i) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™៖ แžšៀแž“แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰ แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž“ិแž„แž›ើแž€แž€แž˜្แž–แžŸ់แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–។
(j–n) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž—ាแž–แžាแž“แžឹแž„แžšแžœាแž„แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž„ៃแž“េះ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚แžขแž“ាแž‚แž។
(o) แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžាแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–แž“េះ แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž…ំแž–ោះแž‡ីแžœិแžแž‘ាំแž„แž˜ូแž› (แžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“៍)។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • credit card society – แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŠែแž›แžŸាแž™แž—ាแž™แž”្แžšើแž€ាแžแžฅแžŽแž‘ាแž“
  • get now and pay later – แž‘ិแž‰แžฅแžกូแžœ แž‘ូแž‘ាแž់แž–េแž›แž€្แžšោแž™
  • economic realities – แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…
  • outstrip – แž›ើแžŸ แžฌ แž”្แžšแžŸើแžšแž‡ាแž„ (แž“ៅแž‘ីแž“េះ = แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž›ើแžŸแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž•แž›ិแž)
  • unsustainable – แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แžšឹแžแž្แž”ិแž/แžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘ៅแž”ាแž“แž™ូแžš
  • interest (on debt) – แž”្แžšាแž€់แž€ាแžš (แž›ើแž”ំแžŽុแž›)
  • unrelenting / unforgiving – แž˜ិแž“แžˆแž”់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž€ / แž˜ិแž“แžขแž់แžขោแž“
  • dizzying rate of change – แž›្แž”ឿแž“แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž្แž›ាំแž„แžŠแž›់แž្แž“ាแž€់ “แž˜ុแžแžœិแž›”
  • re-educate – แžšៀแž“แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰
  • reinvent ourselves – แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰ (แž”្แžŠូแžšแžœិแž’ីแž‚ិแž แž“ិแž„แžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់)
  • competencies – แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–/แž‡ំแž“ាแž‰แžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แž’្แžœើแžขោแž™แž˜ាแž“แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›
  • obsolete – แž›ែแž„แž”្แžšើ / แž›ែแž„แž˜ាแž“แžแž˜្แž›ៃ (แž’ៀแž”แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ាแž្แž˜ី)
  • drive results – แžšុแž‰แžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›
  • fierce competition – แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„
  • survival is at stake – แž”แž‰្แž ាแžšแžŸ់แžšាแž“แž˜ាแž“แž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ំแž–ុแž„แž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’
  • quarterly numbers – แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž ិแžšแž‰្แž‰แžœแž្แžុแž“ៅแž…ុแž„แž្แžšីแž˜ាแžŸ
  • sustainability and growth – แž€ាแžšแžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘ីแžាំแž„ แž“ិแž„แž€ំแžŽើแž“
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

• Direct quotes “I want it now… I deserve it.” show internal thoughts and consumer desire.
“Though …, economic realities eventually set in” – concessive clause (“Though”) contrasts easy credit with hard reality.
“cannot outstrip” – modal “cannot” + verb, expresses limitation / natural law.
“Pretending otherwise is unsustainable.” – gerund (“Pretending”) as subject of the sentence.
• Parallel structure: “re-educate and reinvent,” “sharpen and invest,” “sustain and increase.”
“The real mantra of success is …” – “mantra” used metaphorically for core guiding idea.
• Rhetorical question: “are you making the necessary investment…?” invites self-reflection.

KM: • แžŸแž˜្แžšแž„់แž”ែแž” “I want …” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŸំแžกេแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แžแžข្แž“แž€แž”្แžšើแž”្แžšាแžŸ់។
• “Though …, …” แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”แž˜្แž›ែแž„แž‘ិแžŸ៖ แž‘ោះแž”ីแž‡ា (แž˜ាแž“แžข្แžœីแž„ាแž™) แž€៏ “แž€ាแžšแž–ិแž” แž€៏แž˜แž€แžšแž€แž™ើแž„។
• แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘ “pretending” แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”្แžšើแž‡ាแž”្แžšแž’ាแž“ (“Pretending otherwise is unsustainable.”)។
• แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แžŸ្แžšแžŠៀแž„ (parallelism) แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžขំแžŽាแž… แž“ិแž„แž„ាแž™แž…แž„แž…ាំ។
• แžŸំแžŽួแžšแž”ែแž”แžšេแžូแžšិแž€ แž‘ាแž€់แž‘ាแž‰แžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แž‚ិแžแžขំแž–ីแž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžŸុំแž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž•្แž‘ាแž›់។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Structure moves from: desire → easy credit → hard economic law → need for self-renewal → short-term pressure → long-term principle.
• The first part uses short, emotional sentences and quotes → shows feelings (“I want …”).
• The middle uses explanatory sentences about debt, interest, technology, competition.
• The end uses abstract nouns and principles: “sustainability,” “growth,” “capabilities,” “success.”
• This mirrors Habit 7 (Sharpen the Saw): balance between Production (P) and Production Capability (PC).

KM: • แž›ំแžŠាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแž៖ แž€ាแžšแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ— → แžฅแžŽแž‘ាแž“แž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž› → แž…្แž”ាแž”់แžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž… → แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแžฒ្แž™แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž្แž›ួแž“ → แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž›ី → แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžขแžŸ់แž€แž›្แž”แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…។
• แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แžŠើแž˜แž”្แžšើแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž្แž›ី แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜្แžšแž„់ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž€แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍។
• แž€แžŽ្แžŠាแž›แž”្แžšើแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžขំแž–ីแž”ំแžŽុแž› แž”្แžšាแž€់แž€ាแžš แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„។
• แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แžกើแž„แž‘ៅแž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™ (sustainability / growth / future).
• แž“េះแž‡ាแžšแž”ៀแž”แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžŠែแž›แž›ើแž€แž–ីแžšឿแž„แžš៉ាแžœแž‡ាแž€់แžŸ្แžែแž„ แž‘ៅแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ូแž‘ៅ។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: money, house, car, center, society, realities, purchases, ability, interest, change, competition, markets, technology, minds, competencies, results, competition, survival, capital, mantra, success, numbers, investment, capabilities, health, marriage, relationships, community.
  • Verbs: want, deserve, makes, get, pay, set in, remind, outstrip, pretend, are (unrelenting), must (re-educate, reinvent), develop, sharpen, invest, avoid, drive, is (at stake), meet, sustain, increase, scream, produce.
  • Adjectives: nice, big, biggest, best, economic, ongoing, unsustainable, unrelenting, unforgiving, dizzying, increasing, necessary, unavoidable.
  • Adverbs / phrases: eventually, sometimes, constantly, continually, now, later, today, tomorrow.
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

This paragraph reflects modern consumer culture, especially in developed economies where credit cards, advertising, and social media all push people toward instant gratification. Covey connects this to a deeper principle: societies, companies, and individuals must respect the balance between consumption and production. This is the same logic behind saving, investing, and continuous learning. It criticizes “quarterly capitalism” (only caring about short-term financial results) and reminds us that marriages, families, and communities also collapse if we only “withdraw” and never “deposit.”

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแžŸ្แž‘ួแž“แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž”្แžšើแž”្แžšាแžŸ់แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž‡ាแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž“ៅแž”្แžšแž‘េแžŸแžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜ แžŠែแž›แž€ាแžแžฅแžŽแž‘ាแž“ แž–ាแžŽិแž‡្แž‡แž€แž˜្แž˜ แž“ិแž„แž”แžŽ្แžាแž‰แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž‡ំแžšុแž‰แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžฒ្แž™ “แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ—” (instant gratification)។ Coveyแž—្แž‡ាแž”់แžœា แž‘ៅแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแžា แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž€្แžšុแž˜แž ៊ុแž“ แž“ិแž„แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ แž្แžšូแžœแž‚ោแžšแž–แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–แžšแžœាแž„ “แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแž”្แžšាแžŸ់” แž“ិแž„ “แž€ាแžšแž•แž›ិแž”។ แž“េះแž‡ាแž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ាแžŠែแž›แž“ៅแž€្แžšោแž™แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšាแž€់แžŸแž“្แžŸំ แž€ាแžšแžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžšៀแž“แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…។ แž‚ាแž់แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžšិះแž‚แž“់ “quarterly capitalism” แžŠែแž›แž•្แžោแžแžែแž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž្แž›ីแŸ— แž ើแž™แžšំแž›ឹแž€แžា แž€ាแžšแžšៀแž”แž€ាแžš แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“៍แž€៏แžขាแž…แž”ាแž€់แž”ែแž€แž”ាแž“ แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž™ើแž„แžែ “แžŠแž€แž”្แžšាแž€់แž…េแž‰” แžែแž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“ “แžŠាแž€់แž”្แžšាแž€់แž…ូแž›” แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‚แžŽแž“ីแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„។

9. Phrasal Verbs & Phrases แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ & แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™

I want it now – แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แžฅแžกូแžœแž“េះ (แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…ិแž្แžแž˜ិแž“แžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់).
get now and pay later – แž‘ិแž‰แžฅแžกូแžœ แž‘ូแž‘ាแž់แž–េแž›แž€្แžšោแž™។
realities set in – แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž”៉ះแž˜แž€แž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแžแž™ើแž„។
purchases cannot outstrip our ability to produce – แž€ាแžšแž…ំแžŽាแž™แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž›ើแžŸแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แžšแž€แž”្แžšាแž€់។
re-educate and reinvent ourselves – แžšៀแž“แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰ แž“ិแž„แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžกើแž„แžœិแž‰។
sharpen and invest in … competencies – แž”แž“្แžแž”ោแž€แž€ាំแž”ិแž แž“ិแž„แžœិแž“ិแž™ោแž‚แž›ើแž‡ំแž“ាแž‰។
drive results – แžšុแž‰แžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›។
survival is at stake – แžšแžŸ់แžšាแž“แž˜ាแž“แž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ំแž–ុแž„แž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’។
scream for results today – แžŸ្แžšែแž€แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ— (แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž•្แž‘ុแž™).
balance the need to … – แžšแž€แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–แžšแžœាแž„แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš (A) แž“ិแž„ (B)។

KM แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž”្แžšើแž្แž˜ី៖
• If our purchases outstrip our ability to produce, debt will control our lives.
• True leaders balance the need to produce today with the need to build future capacity.

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Blame and victimism. Wherever you find a problem, you will usually find the finger-pointing of blame. Society is addicted to playing the victim. “If only my boss wasn’t such a controlling idiot… If only I hadn’t been born so poor… If only I lived in a better place… If only I hadn’t inherited such a temper from my dad… If only my kids weren’t so rebellious… If only the other department didn’t mess up orders all the time… If only we weren’t in such a declining industry… If only our people weren’t so lazy and without drive… If only my wife was more understanding… If only… If only.” Blaming everyone and everything else for our problems and challenges may be the norm and may provide temporary relief from the pain, but it also chains us to these very problems. Show me someone who is humble enough to accept and take responsibility for his or her circumstances and courageous enough to take whatever initiative is necessary to creatively work his or her way through or around these challenges, and I’ll show you the supreme power of choice.

แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ (victimism)។ แž‘ីแžŽាแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ា แž™ើแž„แž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž“ឹแž„แžƒើแž‰แž€ាแžšแž…แž„្แžขុแž›แž˜្แžšាแž˜แžŠៃแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ។ แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŸแž–្แžœแž្แž„ៃ แž˜ាแž“แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់ “แžŸแž˜្แžែแž„แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ” แž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„។ “แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž˜េแž€ាแžšแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸ្แžขแž”់แž្แžšួแžแž្แžšា แž”ែแž”แž“េះแž‘េ… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แž€ើแžแž˜แž€แž€្แžšីแž€្แžšแž”ែแž”แž“េះ… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž្แž‰ុំแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แž›្แžขแž‡ាแž„แž“េះ… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž˜แž€ แž“ូแžœแžŸแž˜្แž”แž្แžិแž“ៃแžŸាแž…់แžŠុំแž€្แžៅแž€្แžšแž ាแž™แž–ីแžชแž–ុแž€… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž€ូแž“แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แžขះแžขាแž„แž”្แžšแž†ាំแž„แž”ែแž”แž“េះ… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž•្แž“ែแž€แž•្แžŸេแž„ แž˜ិแž“แž”ំแž•្แž›ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž‘ិแž‰แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แžិแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž…ុះแž”ែแž”แž“េះ… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„ แž˜ិแž“แž្แž‡ិแž› แž“ិแž„แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž…ិแž្แžแž”្แžšឹแž„แž”្แžšែแž„แž”ែแž”แž“េះ… แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž”្แžšแž–แž“្แž’แž្แž‰ុំแž™แž›់แž…ិแž្แžแž្แž‰ុំแž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž“េះ… แž”្แžšាแžŸ់… แž”្แžšាแžŸ់…”។ แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แž“ិแž„แžข្แžœីแŸ—แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แž…ំแž–ោះแž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž”្แžšแžˆแž˜แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„ แžขាแž…แž‡ាแžšឿแž„แž’แž˜្แž˜แžាแž“ិแž„แžขាแž…แž•្แžแž›់แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž’ូแžšแž”แž“្แžិแž… แž–េแž›แž្แž›ីแž–ីแž€ាแžšแžˆឺแž…ាแž”់ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžœាแžŠាแž€់แž្แžŸែแž…แž„แž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แž‡ាแž”់แž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž្แž›ាំแž„แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“។ แž”ើแžขោแž™แž្แž‰ុំแžƒើแž‰แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜្แž“ាแž€់แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž‘แž“់แž—្แž›แž“់ แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœแž…ំแž–ោះแžŸ្แžាแž“แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž ើแž™แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž€្แž›ាแž ាแž“แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž…ាแž”់แž™แž€ แžฑแž€ាแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžšៀแž”แž…ំแž…แž›แž“ាแžŽាแž˜ួแž™ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”្แžšแž€แž”แžŠោแž™แž…្แž“ៃแž”្แžšแžŒិแž แž”ំแž”ាแž់แžฌแž‡ួแž™แž†្แž›แž„แž€ាแž់แž”แž‰្แž ាแž‘ាំแž„แž“ោះ แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แžƒើแž‰ “แžขំแžŽាแž…แžŠ៏แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸ”។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey explains that when problems appear, people usually react by blaming others and acting like victims. He lists “If only …” excuses—blaming the boss, parents, children, coworkers, industry, employees, and spouse. Blaming may feel normal and give short-term emotional relief, but it traps us inside the problem. In contrast, a truly effective person is humble enough to accept responsibility and courageous enough to take initiative and act creatively. That kind of person demonstrates the highest power we have: the power to choose our response.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា แžšាแž›់แž–េแž›แž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ា แž™ើแž„แž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž”ែแžšแž‘ៅแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แž ើแž™แžŸแž˜្แžែแž„แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ។ แž‚ាแž់แž”แž‰្แž‡ីแžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍ “แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើ…” แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž”แžŠិแžŸេแž’ แž“ិแž„แž–្แž™ាแž™ាแž˜แž‚េแž…แž…េแž‰แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แžŠោแž™แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแž˜េแž€ាแžšแžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ แžชแž–ុแž€ แž€ូแž“ แž€្แžšុแž˜แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžšแž•្แžŸេแž„ แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž”แž˜្แžšើแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แžฌแž”្แžšแž–แž“្แž’។ แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแžขាแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž’แž˜្แž˜แžា แž“ិแž„แžขាแž…แž•្แžแž›់แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžšាแž›แž…ិแž្แžแž្แž›ីแŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžœាแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž“ៅแž‡ាแž”់ แž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ា។ แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž‘ៅแžœិแž‰ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแžŸិแž‘្แž’แž—ាแž– แž–ិแžแž‡ាแž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž‘แž“់แž—្แž›แž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់ แž“ិแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แž…ំแž–ោះแžŸ្แžាแž“แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž ើแž™แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แž€្แž›ាแž ាแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž™แž€แžฑแž€ាแžŸแž’្แžœើแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”แž‰្แž ា แžฌแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž្แž˜ីแŸ—។ แž“េះแžฏแž„แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžขំแžŽាแž…แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ៖ แžขំแžŽាแž…แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž‡្แžšើแžŸแžšើแžŸ แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž†្แž›ើแž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• Main idea: Blame and victim-thinking are a social habit that blocks real change.
• “Society is addicted to playing the victim” → victimhood is like an addiction that feels good short term but harms long term.
• The long list of “If only…” excuses shows how we can blame almost anyone/anything instead of looking at ourselves.
• Blame = short-term pain relief but creates long-term chains and powerlessness.
• Taking responsibility + initiative = freedom and inner power (the “supreme power of choice”).
• Inference: This is Habit 1 (Be Proactive) in action: choose your response instead of reacting and complaining.

KM: • แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŸំแžាแž“់៖ แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแž “แž្แž‰ុំแž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ” แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แžŠែแž›แžšាแžšាំแž„แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž–ិแž។
• “Society is addicted to playing the victim” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แž–ឹแž„แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แžែแž„แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž‰ៀแž“ แžŠែแž›แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž›្แžขแž្แž›ីแŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”ំแž•្แž›ាแž‰แž™ូแžšแžขแž„្แžœែแž„។
• แž”แž‰្แž‡ី “แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើ…” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžขាแž…แžšแž€แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž”ាแž“แž‚្แžšแž”់แž…ំแž ៀแž„ แžŠោแž™แž‚េแž…แž…េแž‰แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž˜ើแž›แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។
• แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ → แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžˆឺแž…ាแž”់แž្แž›ីแŸ— แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”ិแž‘แž…ាแž€់แž™ើแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž“ិแžšแž“្แžแžšแž—ាแž–แž“ៃแž”แž‰្แž ា แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž្แžœះแžขំแžŽាแž…។
• แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ + แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž™แž€แžฑแž€ាแžŸ → แžŸេแžšីแž—ាแž–แžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„ แž“ិแž„แžขំแžŽាแž…แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแžแž‚ឺ “แž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸ”។
• แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់៖ แž“េះแž‡ាแžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž“ៃ Habit 1 – Be Proactive (แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžែแž”្แžšแžិแž€แž˜្แž˜)។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • (a) Blame and victimism.
  • (b) Wherever you find a problem, you will usually find the finger-pointing of blame.
  • (c) Society is addicted to playing the victim.
  • (d) “If only my boss wasn’t such a controlling idiot…
  • (e) If only I hadn’t been born so poor…
  • (f) If only I lived in a better place…
  • (g) If only I hadn’t inherited such a temper from my dad…
  • (h) If only my kids weren’t so rebellious…
  • (i) If only the other department didn’t mess up orders all the time…
  • (j) If only we weren’t in such a declining industry…
  • (k) If only our people weren’t so lazy and without drive…
  • (l) If only my wife was more understanding… If only… If only.”
  • (m) Blaming everyone and everything else … may be the norm and may provide temporary relief from the pain, but it also chains us to these very problems.
  • (n) Show me someone who is humble enough to accept and take responsibility for his or her circumstances…
  • (o) …and courageous enough to take whatever initiative is necessary to creatively work his or her way through or around these challenges,…
  • (p) …and I’ll show you the supreme power of choice.

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ (a–c) แž€ំแžŽแž់แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘៖ แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ។
(d–l) แž”แž‰្แž‡ី “If only…” แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแž›ួแž…แž‚េแž…แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ។
(m) แžขแž’ិแž”្แž”ាแž™แžขំแž–ីแž•แž›แžœិแž”ាแž€៖ แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแž”แž„្แž€แžŸុแž—แž˜แž„្แž‚แž›แž្แž›ី แžែแž…แž„แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแž”់แž”แž‰្แž ា។
(n–p) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž‚ំแžšូแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แžŠែแž›แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แž“ិแž„แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž™แž€แžฑแž€ាแžŸ → แžขំแžŽាแž…แž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸ។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • blame – แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ, แžŠាแž€់แž‘ោแžŸ
  • victimism / playing the victim – แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ, แžŸแž˜្แžែแž„แžាแž្แž›ួแž“แžែแž„แžែแž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់
  • finger-pointing – แž€ាแžšแž…แž„្แžขុแž›แž˜្แžšាแž˜แžŠៃ (แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ)
  • addicted to – แž˜ាแž“แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់ / แž‰ៀแž“แž›ើแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™
  • controlling (boss) – แž…ូแž›แž្แžšួแžแž្แžšាแž…្แžšើแž“แž–េแž€
  • rebellious – แžขះแžขាแž„แž”្แžšแž†ាំแž„, แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž”แž„្แž‚ាแž”់
  • declining industry – แžงแžŸ្แžŸាแž แž€แž˜្แž˜แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž…ុះ
  • without drive – แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž…ិแž្แžแž”្แžšឹแž„แž”្แžšែแž„ / แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸ្แž˜ាแžšแžីแž‡แž˜្แžšុแž‰แž្แž›ួแž“
  • understanding (wife) – แž™แž›់แž…ិแž្แž, แžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់แž™แž›់แžŠឹแž„
  • the norm – แžšឿแž„แž’แž˜្แž˜แžា, แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž‚េแž’្แžœើแž‡ាแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់
  • temporary relief – แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž’ូแžšแž”แž“្แžិแž…แž”แž“្แžួแž…แž”แžŽ្แžោះแžขាแžŸแž“្แž“
  • chains us – แž…แž„แž្แžŸែแž™ើแž„, แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž‡ាแž”់
  • humble – แž‘แž“់แž—្แž›แž“់, แž˜ិแž“แžขួแžแžขាแž„
  • take responsibility – แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ
  • initiative – แž€ាแžšแž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž‡ំแž ាแž“แž˜ុแž“, แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แž…แž›แž“ា
  • creatively – แžŠោแž™แž…្แž“ៃแž”្แžšแžŒិแž
  • supreme – แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแž, แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™แž”ំแž•ុแž
  • the power of choice – แžขំแžŽាแž…แž“ៃแž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸ
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

Noun phrase title: “Blame and victimism.” – no verb, just topic headline.
“Wherever you find a problem, you will usually find…” – conditional-like pattern with “wherever” showing general truth.
Society is addicted to playing the victim – “addicted to + V-ing”.
• Long chain of conditional phrases: “If only …” = classic pattern of regret and excuse.
may be the norm and may provide … but it also chains us – “may” shows possibility / common pattern, “but” introduces strong contrast.
Show me someone who is … and …, and I’ll show you … – rhetorical structure used to emphasize principle; “show me… and I’ll show you…” is parallel.
• “his or her” = gender-inclusive singular (also can be “their” in modern usage).

KM: • แž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแž€្แžšុแž˜แž“ាแž˜ “Blame and victimism” แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘។
• “Wherever you find…” แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž‘ូแž‘ៅ។
• แžšแž”ៀแž” “addicted to + V-ing” (addicted to playing)។
• “If only …” แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแžŸោแž€แžŸ្แžាแž™/แž”ែแž” “แž›ើแž€แž€្แž”ាแž›แžŸុំแžขแž—័แž™แž‘ោแžŸ” แž”แž‰្แž…េแž‰แž…េแž‰แž–ីแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។
• แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’ “Show me someone who … and …, and I’ll show you …” แž‡ាแžšแž”ៀแž”แž–ាแž€្แž™แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžŠើแž˜្แž”ី แžŸแž„្แž€แž់แž’្แž„แž“់แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។
• แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើ “his or her circumstances” แž”្แžšាแž”់แžขំแž–ីแž—េแž‘แž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžš แž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžែแž˜ួแž™។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Structure: short title → statement of general rule → list of emotional examples → explanation of consequence → contrast example of responsible person.
• The “If only…” sentences are structurally similar (parallelism) → shows how excuses repeat in different forms but same pattern.
• Final long sentence uses “someone who is … and … and …” to stack qualities: humble + responsible + courageous + creative initiative.
• Ends with strong clause “the supreme power of choice” → thematic punch line of Habit 1.

KM: • แžšแž…แž“ាแž”័แž‘្แž˜៖ แž…ំแžŽแž„แž‡ើแž„แž្แž›ី → แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž‘ូแž‘ៅ → แž”แž‰្แž‡ីแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ “If only…” → แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แž•แž›แžœិแž”ាแž€ → แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚ “If only …” แžŸុแž‘្แž’แžែแž˜ាแž“แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា → แž„ាแž™แž…แž„แž…ាំ แž“ិแž„แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž›ំแž“ាំแž“ៃแžขแž—័แž™แž‘ោแžŸ។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž”្แžšើ “someone who is … and … and …” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž‘ុំแž‚ុแžŽแž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜្แž“ាแž€់។
• แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž”ិแž‘แžŠោแž™ “the supreme power of choice” แžŠែแž›แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแžŸแž„្แž€แž់แž’្แž„แž“់แž›ើแžขំแžŽាแž…แž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸ។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: blame, victimism, problem, society, boss, place, temper, kids, department, orders, industry, people, wife, norm, relief, pain, chains, circumstances, initiative, challenges, power, choice.
  • Verbs: find, is (addicted), wasn’t, had been born, lived, hadn’t inherited, weren’t, mess up, provide, chains, accept, take, work (through/around), show.
  • Adjectives: controlling, poor, better, rebellious, declining, lazy, understanding, temporary, humble, courageous, supreme.
  • Adverbs / phrases: usually, all the time, enough, creatively.
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

This paragraph reflects a culture of blame that appears in workplaces, families, and society. It criticizes the habit of seeing ourselves as powerless victims of bosses, family background, economy, or other people. Covey connects this to a deeper leadership idea: true leaders own their situation and act, instead of complaining. This is central to proactive leadership and resilience—taking responsibility, using creativity, and choosing responses even in hard circumstances.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ “แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ” แžŠែแž›แžƒើแž‰แž”ាแž“แž‘ាំแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แž‘ូแž‘ៅ។ Covey แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžšិះแž‚แž“់แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แž˜ើแž›แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžាแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžขំแžŽាแž… แž្แžšូแžœแž‚េแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŠោแž™แž˜េแž€ាแžšแž្แž›ាំแž„แŸ— แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแžŠើแž˜ แž€ូแž“ แž€្แžšុแž˜แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แžฌแžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แžŸេแžŠ្แž‹แž€ិแž…្แž…។ แž‚ាแž់แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แžœាแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแžា แž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแž–ិแžแž˜ិแž“แž”ាแž“แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž–េแž›แž…្แžšើแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž្แžขូแž‰แž្แžขែแžš แžฌแžŠាแž€់แž‘ោแžŸแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž‘េ แžែแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แž“ិแž„แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž’្แžœើแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™។ แž“េះแž‡ាแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž“ៃแž—ាแž–แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜ (proactive) แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แžขแž់แž’្แž˜แž់ แž’แž“់แž‘្แžšាំ (resilience) แžŠែแž›แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍៖ แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แžាแž“แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ + แž’្แžœើแžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แž’្แžœើแž”ាแž“ + แž‡្แžšើแžŸแžšើแžŸแž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž†្แž›ើแž™។

9. Phrasal Verbs & Phrases แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ & แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™

playing the victim – แžŸแž˜្แžែแž„แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះแž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…។
finger-pointing of blame – แž€ាแžšแž…แž„្แžขុแž›แž˜្แžšាแž˜แžŠៃแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។
mess up orders – แž”ំแž•្แž›ាแž‰/แžូแž…แž€ាแžšแž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž‘ិแž‰។
may provide temporary relief – แžขាแž…แž•្แžแž›់แž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž€แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž”แžŽ្แžោះแžขាแžŸแž“្แž“។
chains us to these problems – แž…แž„แž្แžŸែแž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แž‡ាแž”់แž“ឹแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ។
take responsibility for … – แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœแž…ំแž–ោះ…
take initiative – แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž’្แžœើแž‡ំแž ាแž“แž˜ុแž“แž‚េ។
work his or her way through / around – แžšแž€แžœិแž’ីแž†្แž›แž„แž€ាแž់ แžฌแžœแž„់แž‡ុំแžœិแž‰แž”แž‰្แž ា។
the supreme power of choice – แžขំแžŽាแž…แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‚ឺแž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។

KM แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž”្แžšើ៖
• When we play the victim, we chain ourselves to the problem instead of solving it.
• True leaders take responsibility for their circumstances and take initiative to improve them.

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Hopelessness. The children of blame are cynicism and hopelessness. When we succumb to believing that we are victims of our circumstances and yield to the plight of determinism, we lose hope, we lose drive, and we settle into resignation and stagnation. “I am a pawn, a puppet, a cog in the wheel and can do nothing about it. Just tell me what to do.” So many bright, talented people feel this and suffer the broad range of discouragement and depression that follows. The survival response of popular culture is cynicism—“just lower your expectations of life to the point that you aren’t disappointed by anyone or anything.” The contrasting principle of growth and hope throughout history is the discovery that “I am the creative force of my life.”

แž—ាแž–แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ (Hopelessness)។ แž€ូแž“แŸ— (แž•แž›แž”แž“្แžŸំ) แžšแž”แžŸ់แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž‚ឺ “cynicism” (แž…ិแž្แžแž’ុแž‰แžแž”់ แž˜ិแž“แž‡ឿแž›ើแžข្แžœីแž›្แžขแž‘េ) แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜។ แž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž…ាแž‰់แžฒ្แž™แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžា “แž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះแžšแž”แžŸ់แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–” แž ើแž™แž‡ឿแž›ើแž‚ំแž“ិแž determinism แžា แžข្แžœីแŸ—แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž€ំแžŽแž់แžšួแž…แž ើแž™ แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž់แž”แž„់แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แž”ាแž់แž”แž„់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แžšុแž‰แž…្แžšាแž“ แž ើแž™แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž” “แž›ះแž”แž„់” แž“ិแž„ “แž‡ាแž”់แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŠំแžŽាแž€់แž€ាแž›”។ “แž្แž‰ុំแž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแžŸាแž€់แžšំแž›ែแž€แžូแž…แž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž‡ាแž្แž“ាំแž„แž€แž„់แž˜ួแž™ แžŠែแž›แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž’្แžœើแžข្แžœីแž”ាแž“แž‘េ។ แžŸូแž˜แž”្แžšាแž”់แž្แž‰ុំแžែแžข្แžœីแž្แžšូแžœแž’្แžœើแž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។” แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž†្แž›ាแž แž“ិแž„แž–ោแžšแž–េแž‰แž‘េแž–แž€ោแžŸแž›្แž™แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž”ែแž”แž“េះ แž ើแž™แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžšแž„แž€ាแžšแž’្แž›ាแž€់แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แž‡ំแž„ឺแžŠាแž›แž‘្แžšូแž„/แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž€แž˜្แžšិแž។ แž”្แžšแžិแž€แž˜្แž˜แžšแžŸ់แžšាแž“แž“ៃแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž‘ំแž“ើแž” แž‚ឺ “cynicism” แžŠោแž™แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា “แž‚្แžšាแž“់แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžšំแž–ឹแž„แž‘ុแž€แž…ំแž–ោះแž‡ីแžœិแž แžŠแž›់แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž˜ិแž“แž្แžšូแžœแžแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž–ីแž“แžšแžŽា แžฌแžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™แž‘េ”។ แž•្แž‘ុแž™แž‘ៅแžœិแž‰ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž“ៃแž€ាแžšแž›ូแžแž›ាแžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แžាំแž„แž–ីแžขแžីแžแž€ាแž›แž˜แž€ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแžšแž€แžƒើแž‰แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–ិแžแžា “แž្แž‰ុំแž‡ាแžขំแžŽាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំแžฏแž„”។

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN (summary meaning):

Covey says that when we live in blame, the “children” or results are cynicism and hopelessness. If we believe we are just victims and that life is fully controlled by outside forces (determinism), we lose hope and inner drive and become passive—like a small pawn or cog that can do nothing. Many talented people live like this and suffer discouragement and depression. Popular culture’s survival strategy is cynicism: expect less from life so you won’t be disappointed. The opposite, growth-giving principle is to discover that “I am the creative force of my life” and I can shape my future.

KM (แž”แž€แž”្แžšែแžขแž្แžแž“័แž™): Covey แž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា แž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แžšแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់ “แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ” แž•แž›แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แžŠែแž›แž€ើแžแžกើแž„ (แž€ូแž“แŸ—) แž‚ឺแž…ិแž្แžแž’ុแž‰แžแž”់ (cynicism) แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜។ แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž™ើแž„แž‡ឿแžា “แž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ” แž“ិแž„แž‡ឿแžាแž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แžšแž”់แž™៉ាแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž€ំแžŽแž់แžšួแž…แž˜แž€แž–ីแž”แž„្แž‚ោแž›แž€្แžšៅ (determinism) แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แž”ាแž់แž”แž„់แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แž”ាแž់แž€ាแžšแžិแžแžែแž˜ុแž แž ើแž™แž”แž“្แžแžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž”แž›ះแž”แž„់ แž“ិแž„แž˜ិแž“แžšំแž€ិแž› (stagnation)។ แž™ើแž„แž‚ិแžแžា “แž្แž‰ុំแž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแžŸាแž€់แžšំแž›ែแž€แžូแž…แŸ— แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž”្แžŠូแžšแžข្แžœីแž”ាแž“แž‘េ แž‚េแž”្แžšាแž”់แžข្แžœីแž’្แžœើ แž្แž‰ុំแž’្แžœើแžាแž˜แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ”។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž†្แž›ាแžแŸ—แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แžšแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž”ែแž”แž“េះ แž“ិแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžšแž„แž€ាแžšแž’្แž›ាแž€់แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แž‡ំแž„ឺแž’្แž›ាแž€់แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แž។ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž‘ំแž“ើแž” แž†្แž›ើแž™แžแž”แžŠោแž™ “cynicism” แž‚ឺแž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžฑ្แž™ “แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžšំแž–ឹแž„แž‘ុแž€” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž€ុំแžขោแž™แžแž€แž…ិแž្แž។ แžែแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž•្แž‘ុแž™ แžŠែแž›แž“ាំแž˜แž€แž“ូแžœแž€ំแžŽើแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแžšแž€แžƒើแž‰แžា “แž្แž‰ុំแž‡ាแžขំแžŽាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំแžฏแž„” แž ើแž™แž្แž‰ុំแžขាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžขแž“ាแž‚แžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“แž”ាแž“។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN:

• Main idea: Living in blame leads to hopelessness and cynicism, which kill motivation.
• “Children of blame” → metaphor: results that naturally grow out of blame are negative mindsets, not solutions.
• Determinism = belief that our life is controlled by forces we cannot change (fate, genes, background, bosses, etc.).
• Inner story of the victim: “I am just a pawn/puppet/cog; I can’t do anything, just give me orders.” → total loss of agency.
• Popular culture’s answer: become cynical and expect nothing, so you won’t be hurt.
• Deeper principle: growth and hope come when I see myself as the creative force in my life, not as a helpless object.
• Inference: This continues Habit 1 (Be Proactive): shift from “I am a victim” to “I am a creator.”

KM: • แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŸំแžាแž“់៖ แž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž…ិแž្แžแžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แž“ិแž„ cynicism แžŠែแž›แžŸแž˜្แž›ាแž”់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แžšុแž‰แž…្แžšាแž“។
• “Children of blame” แž‡ាแžšូแž”ិแž™แž™ាแž’ិแž€ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž•แž›แž”แž“្แžŸំแž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិแž“ៃแž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ แž‚ឺแž‚ំแž“ិแžแžขแžœិแž‡្แž‡แž˜ាแž“ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™។
• determinism = แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžា แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‘ាំแž„แž˜ូแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŠោแž™แž€แž្แžាแžាแž„แž€្แžšៅ แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž”្แžŠូแžšแž”ាแž“ (แž‡ាแžិแž–ូแž‡ แžขแžីแžแž€ាแž› แž˜េแž€ាแžšแž›ើแž€្แž”ាแž›…)។
• แžšូแž”แž—ាแž–แž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ៖ “pawn / puppet / cog” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž្แž›ួแž“แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž‡ាแžข្แžœីแžូแž… แžŠែแž›แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸិแž‘្แž’ិแž€ំแžŽแž់แž‘ិแžŸแžŠៅแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។
• แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះ แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“ cynicism แžŠោแž™แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžšំแž–ឹแž„แž‘ុแž€ แžŠោแž™แž‚ិแžแžា แž“ោះแž‡ាแžœិแž’ីแž€ាแžšแž–ាแžšแž្แž›ួแž“แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžแž€แž…ិแž្แž។
• แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‡ាแž€់แžŸ្แžែแž„แžែแž„แžែแž•្แž‘ុแž™៖ แž€ំแžŽើแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž™แž›់แžា “แž្แž‰ុំแž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំ” แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžœแž្แžុแžขแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž‘េ។
• แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់៖ แž”แž“្แž Habit 1 – แž”្แžŠូแžšแž–ី victim → creator។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • (a) Hopelessness.
  • (b) The children of blame are cynicism and hopelessness.
  • (c) When we succumb to believing that we are victims of our circumstances and yield to the plight of determinism, we lose hope, we lose drive, and we settle into resignation and stagnation.
  • (d) “I am a pawn, a puppet, a cog in the wheel and can do nothing about it. Just tell me what to do.”
  • (e) So many bright, talented people feel this and suffer the broad range of discouragement and depression that follows.
  • (f) The survival response of popular culture is cynicism—“just lower your expectations of life to the point that you aren’t disappointed by anyone or anything.”
  • (g) The contrasting principle of growth and hope throughout history is the discovery that “I am the creative force of my life.”

KM แžŸแž„្แžេแž”៖ (a–b) แž€ំแžŽแž់แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘៖ แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜แž‡ាแž€ូแž“ (แž•แž›แž”แž“្แžŸំ) แž“ៃแž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ។
(c) แž–េแž›แž‡ឿแžា แž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះ แž“ិแž„แž‡ឿแž›ើ determinism → แž”ាแž់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แž”ាแž់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„ แžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž”แž›ះแž”แž„់។
(d) แžŸំแžŠី victim แžាแž˜แžŠแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។
(e) แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžŠแž›់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž†្แž›ាแžแŸ—แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ (discouragement + depression)។
(f) แžœិแž’ីแž€ាแžšแž–ាแžšแž្แž›ួแž“แžšแž”แžŸ់แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី៖ cynicism (แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžšំแž–ឹแž„แž‘ុแž€)។
(g) แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž•្แž‘ុแž™៖ แžšแž€แžƒើแž‰แžា “แž្แž‰ុំแž‡ាแžขំแžŽាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„”។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • hopelessness – แž—ាแž–แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜
  • children of blame – แž€ូแž“แŸ—/แž•แž›แž”แž“្แžŸំแžšแž”แžŸ់แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ
  • cynicism – แž…ិแž្แžแž˜ិแž“แž‡ឿแž›ើแžข្แžœីแž›្แžขแž‘េ, แž’ុแž‰แžแž”់แž…ំแž–ោះแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ/แž‡ីแžœិแž
  • succumb to – แž…ាแž‰់แžฒ្แž™, แžฑ្แž™แžขំแžŽាแž…แžฒ្แž™
  • victims of our circumstances – แž‡ាแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚្แžšោះแžšแž”แžŸ់แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แž‡ីแžœិแž
  • determinism – แž‘្แžšឹแžŸ្แžីแžាแž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž€ំแžŽแž់แžšួแž… (แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž‡แž˜្แžšើแžŸแž–ិแž)
  • lose drive – แž”ាแž់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แžšុแž‰แž…្แžšាแž“, แž”ាแž់แž…ិแž្แžแžិแžแžំ
  • resignation – แž›ះแž”แž„់แž…ិแž្แž, แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž…ិแž្แžแž‘แž‘ួแž›แž”ែแž” “แž˜ែแž“แž ើแž™”
  • stagnation – แž€ាแžšแžˆแž”់แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แž, แž‡ាแž”់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‘ីแžាំแž„แžŠแžŠែแž›
  • pawn – แžŸាแž€់แžšំแž›ែแž€แžូแž…แŸ— (แž€្แž“ុแž„แž›្แž”ែแž„แžขុแž€)
  • puppet – แž‘ាแž‰แž្แžŸែแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„, แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž‚េแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„
  • cog in the wheel – แž្แž“ាំแž„แž€แž„់แžូแž…แž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แž’ំ, แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžូแž…แž˜្แž“ាแž€់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž™แž“្แžแž€ាแžš
  • discouragement – แž€ាแžšแž’្แž›ាแž€់แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แž
  • depression – แž‡ំแž„ឺแž’្แž›ាแž€់แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แž
  • survival response – แž”្แžšแžិแž€แž˜្แž˜แžšแž€แžœិแž’ីแžšแžŸ់แžšាแž“
  • lower your expectations – แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžšំแž–ឹแž„แž‘ុแž€
  • contrasting principle – แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž•្แž‘ុแž™
  • creative force – แžขំแžŽាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแž, แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž”แž„្แž€ើแž
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

“The children of blame are cynicism and hopelessness.” – metaphorical “children of …” showing results.
When we succumb to … and yield to …, we lose …, we lose …, and we settle … – “when”-clause + series of three results (parallel structure).
I am a pawn, a puppet, a cog in the wheel – three appositive nouns, all describing the same “I” in different images.
So many bright, talented people feel this and suffer … – “so many” + plural noun to emphasize how common this is.
just lower your expectations … to the point that … – “to the point that” expresses end result condition.
the discovery that “I am the creative force of my life” – noun “discovery” followed by “that-clause” as its object.

KM: • “children of blame” แž”្แžšើ “children” แž‡ាแžšូแž”ិแž™แž™ាแž’ិแž€ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž€ូแž“แž–ូแž‡แž–ិแžแž‘េ แžែแž‡ាแž•แž›แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›។
• แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’ “When we …, we …, we …, and we …” แž‡ា parallelism แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“។
• “a pawn, a puppet, a cog” แž‡ាแž“ាแž˜แžំแžŽแžš (appositive) แž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžែแž˜្แž“ាแž€់แž€្แž“ុแž„แžšូแž”แž—ាแž–แž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—แž‚្แž“ា។
• “to the point that …” แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแžŠែแž›แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž€ើแžแžกើแž„។
• “discovery that …” → “that-clause” แž‡ាแžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž‚េแžšแž€แžƒើแž‰ (object)។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

• Structure: topic word “Hopelessness” → definition using metaphor → long “when we…” cause-and-effect sentence → inner victim quote → impact on people → cultural response → contrasting principle.
• Strong use of contrast: victim mindset vs. creative mindset; cynicism vs. hope and growth.
• Parallel lists (“we lose hope, we lose drive, and we settle…”) create rhythm and emphasis.
• Ends with a short, powerful “I am the creative force of my life.” – identity statement.

KM: • แžŸាแžšแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜៖ แž€ំแžŽแž់แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”แž‘แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ → แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុ → แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់ → แžŸំแžŠី victim → แž”្แžšแžិแž€แž˜្แž˜แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ → แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž•្แž‘ុแž™แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜។
• แž”្แžšើ contrast แž្แž›ាំแž„៖ victim vs. creator, cynicism vs. growth & hope។
• แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŸแž˜្แžŠែแž„แžขแž្แžแžŸแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ “I am the creative force of my life” แžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž‘ៅแž’្แžœើ affirmation แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž”ាแž“។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: hopelessness, children, blame, cynicism, victims, circumstances, plight, determinism, hope, drive, resignation, stagnation, pawn, puppet, cog, wheel, discouragement, depression, response, culture, expectations, life, principle, growth, force.
  • Verbs: succumb (to), believe, yield (to), lose, settle (into), can do, tell, feel, suffer, follows, lower, aren’t disappointed, is (the discovery).
  • Adjectives: bright, talented, broad (range), popular (culture), creative (force), contrasting.
  • Adverbs / phrases: just (tell me / just lower), so many, throughout history.
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN:

This reflects a modern cultural pattern: under stress and disappointment, people often move into cynicism (“nothing really works, people always let you down”) and hopelessness. In many workplaces and societies, intelligent people feel like small parts in a huge machine. Covey challenges this passive, victim-based identity and invites readers to adopt a creator-based identity. Historically, leaders and change-makers have seen themselves as creative forces, not passive victims, and that mindset fuels innovation, responsibility, and resilience.

KM: แž“េះแžŸ្แžšแž˜ៃแž–ីแž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž‘ំแž“ើแž”៖ แž–េแž›แž‡ួแž”แž”แžšាแž‡័แž™ แžฌแž”แž‰្แž ា แž™ើแž„แž„ាแž™แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž…ូแž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž cynicism แž“ិแž„แžขแžŸ់แžŸแž„្แžƒឹแž˜ แžŠោแž™แž‚ិแžแžា “แžข្แžœីแž€៏แž˜ិแž“แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž€ាแžšแž‘េ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž€៏แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…”។ แž“ៅแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž’ំแŸ— แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž†្แž›ាแžแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž្แž“ាំแž„แž€แž„់แžូแž…แž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž™แž“្แžแž€ាแžš។ Covey แžšំแž›ឹแž€แžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„ แž”្แžšែแž–ីแžขแž្แžแžŸแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ victim แž˜แž€แž‡ា creator។ แžាំแž„แž–ីแžขแžីแžแž€ាแž› แž˜แž€แžŠแž›់แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž”แž„្แž€ើแž แž€ំแžŽែแž‘แž˜្แžšแž„់ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš แž’ំแŸ— แž“ៅแžែแž‡ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž™แž›់แžា “แž្แž‰ុំแžขាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแž แž“ិแž„แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„”។

9. Phrasal Verbs & Phrases แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ & แžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™

children of blame – แž•แž›แž”แž“្แžŸំแžšแž”แžŸ់แž€ាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ោแžŸ។
succumb to (believing …) – แž…ាแž‰់แžฒ្แž™แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŽាแž˜ួแž™។
yield to the plight of determinism – แž›ះแž”แž„់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฒ្แž™แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžា “แžข្แžœីแŸ—แž€ំแžŽแž់แžšួแž…”។
settle into resignation and stagnation – แžˆแž”់แžិแžแžំ แž“ិแž„แžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž”แž›ះแž”แž„់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‘ីแžាំแž„แžŠแžŠែแž›។
a pawn / a puppet / a cog in the wheel – แžšូแž”ិแž™แž™ាแž’ិแž€แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžขแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜ แžŠែแž›แž‚េแž”แž‰្แž‡ា។
lower your expectations of life – แž”แž“្แžแž™แž€ាแžšแžšំแž–ឹแž„แž‘ុแž€แž…ំแž–ោះแž‡ីแžœិแž។
the creative force of my life – แžขំแžŽាแž…แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។

KM แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž”្แžšើ៖
• When I succumb to victim thinking, I settle into hopelessness.
• When I remember that I am the creative force of my life, I stop blaming and start building.

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

“Lack of life balance. Life in our cell phone society is increasingly complex, demanding, stressful, and absolutely exhausting. For all our efforts to manage our time, do more, be more, and achieve greater efficiency through the wonders of modern technology, why is it we increasingly find ourselves in the ‘thick of thin things’—subordinating health, family, integrity, and many of the things that matter most to our work? The problem is not our work, which is the sustaining engine of life. It’s not the complexity or change. The problem is that our modern culture says, ‘go in earlier, stay later, be more efficient, live with the sacrifice for now’—but the truth is that balance and peace of mind are not produced by these; they follow the person who develops a clear sense of his or her highest priorities and who lives with focus and integrity toward them.”

«แž€แž„្แžœះแžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–แž‡ីแžœិแž។ แž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŸ្แž˜ាแžแž ្แžœូแž“แžŸแž–្แžœแž្แž„ៃ แž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž…្แžšើแž“ แž–ោแžšแž–េแž‰แžŠោแž™แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’ แž“ិแž„แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž แž់แž“ឿแž™แž្แž›ាំแž„។ แž‘ោះแž™ើแž„แžំแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แž–េแž›แžœេแž›ា แžំแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž”ាแž“แž…្แžšើแž“ แž‡ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž›្แžขแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“ แž“ិแž„แžšแž€แž”្แžšแžŸិแž‘្แž’แž—ាแž–แž្แž–แžŸ់แž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“แžាแž˜แžšแž™ៈแž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ាแž‘ំแž“ើแž” แžែแž េแžុแžข្แžœីแž”ាแž“แž‡ា แž™ើแž„แžែแž„แžƒើแž‰แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแž”់แž្แž›ួแž“แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„ «แž€្แžšុแž˜แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžšแžូแž…แŸ—» — แžŠាแž€់แžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž’แž˜៌ แž“ិแž„แžšឿแž„แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž‡ាแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž”แž“្แžŸแž›់แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš? แž”แž‰្แž ាแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แžŠែแž›แž‡แž˜៉ូแž‘័แžšแžŸំแžាแž“់แž“ៃแž‡ីแžœិแžแžกើแž™។ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰ แžฌแž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž•แž„แžŠែแžš។ แž”แž‰្แž ាแž‚ឺแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ីแž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា «แž…ូแž›แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš​แžฒ្แž™แž–េแž›แž˜ុแž“ แžŸ្แžិแžแž“ៅแž™ូแžšแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแžŸិแž‘្แž’แž—ាแž–แž€ាแž“់แžែแž…្แžšើแž“ แžขแž់แž†្แž“ោแžแžŸแž”แž–ួแž€แžขំแž–ើแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž‡ាแž”แžŽ្แžោះแžขាแžŸแž“្แž“» — แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž—ាแž–แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แž„แž”់แž…ិแž្แžแž˜ិแž“แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ីแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แž“េះแžกើแž™។ แžœាแžាแž˜แžšូแž”แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž€ំแžŽแž់แž”ាแž“แž™៉ាแž„แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แžា แžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚ាแž់แž‚ឺแžข្แžœី แž ើแž™แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžŠោแž™แž•្แžោแžแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž’แž˜៌แž‘ៅแž›ើแžœា។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The paragraph explains that modern, phone-driven life is overloaded and exhausting. We sacrifice health, family, and integrity for work and efficiency, but real balance and peace come only when we clearly know our highest priorities and live with focus and integrity toward them.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា แž‡ីแžœិแžแžŸแž˜័แž™แžŸ្แž˜ាแžแž ្แžœូแž“แž–េแž‰แžŠោแž™แž€ិแž…្แž…แž€ាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž แž់แž“ឿแž™ แž ើแž™แž™ើแž„แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž€់แžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž’แž˜៌ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžŠេแž‰แžាแž˜แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž“ិแž„แž”្แžšแžŸិแž‘្แž’แž—ាแž–។ แžែแž—ាแž–แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แž„แž”់แž…ិแž្แžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž˜ិแž“แž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž…្แžšើแž“แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž™แž›់แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž–ីแžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž แž ើแž™แžšแžŸ់แžŠោแž™แžŸុแž…แžšិแž แž“ិแž„แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แž“ោះแž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message is that being busy and connected all the time does not equal a good life. Technology and hard work are not the real enemy; the problem is a culture that pushes us to sacrifice what matters most. True leadership starts from inside, when we choose priorities and protect them.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ «แžšแžœแž›់» แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แž˜ើแž“ឹแž„ «แžšแžŸ់แž›្แžข» แž‘េ។ แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžំแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžŸแž្แžšូแžœแž‘េ แž”แž‰្แž ាแž‚ឺแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŠែแž›แž”แž‰្แž…ុះแž”แž‰្แž…ូแž›แžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž”ោះแž”แž„់แžšឿแž„แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—។ แž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแž–ិแžแž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„ แž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž‡្แžšើแžŸแžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž–ាแžšแžœា។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Lack of life balance. – main problem statement.
  • Life in our cell phone society is increasingly complex, demanding, stressful, and absolutely exhausting. – describes the modern environment.
  • For all our efforts… why is it we increasingly find ourselves in the ‘thick of thin things’…? – a question showing the paradox: more effort, less meaning.
  • The problem is not our work… It’s not the complexity or change. – clarifies what the real problem is not.
  • The problem is that our modern culture says, ‘go in earlier, stay later…’ – identifies the real source: unhealthy cultural messages.
  • But the truth is that balance and peace of mind… follow the person who develops a clear sense of… priorities… – final answer: inner clarity and integrity create balance.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž’ំแŸ—แž”ែแž„แž…ែแž€แž‡ា (แŸก) แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแž”แž‰្แž ា (แž€แž„្แžœះแžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–), (แŸข) แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแžŸแž—ាแž–แž‡ីแžœិแžแžŸแž˜័แž™แžŸ្แž˜ាแžแž ្แžœូแž“, (แŸฃ) แžŸំแžŽួแžšแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់ «แžšแžœแž›់แžែแž˜ិแž“แžŸំแžាแž“់», (แŸค) แž”แžŠិแžŸេแž’แžាแž”แž‰្แž ាแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แžฌแž—ាแž–แžŸ្แž˜ុแž‚แžŸ្แž˜ាแž‰, แž“ិแž„ (แŸฅ) แž•្แžŠแž›់แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แžា แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–แž€ើแžแž–ីแžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„ แž“ិแž„แžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž’แž˜៌។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • life balance – a healthy mix of work, family, health, rest, and purpose. → แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž–แž‡ីแžœិแž
  • cell phone society – a society where phones dominate daily life. → แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŸ្แž˜ាแžแž ្แžœូแž“
  • demanding – requiring a lot of effort and energy. → แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž្แž›ាំแž„
  • exhausting – making you extremely tired. → แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž แž់แž“ឿแž™แž្แž›ាំแž„
  • thick of thin things – being very busy with things that don’t really matter. → แžšแžœแž›់แž្แž›ាំแž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžšឿแž„แžូแž…แŸ—แž˜ិแž“แžŸំแžាแž“់
  • sustaining engine of life – something that keeps life going (here: work). → แž˜៉ាแžŸ៊ីแž“แž”แž“្แžแž‡ីแžœិแž
  • peace of mind – a calm, inner sense of peace and security. → แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แž„แž”់แž…ិแž្แž
  • highest priorities – the most important things above everything else. → แžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแž
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The passage uses a rhetorical question (“why is it we increasingly find ourselves…?”) to invite reflection, not to get a direct answer. Parallel structures like “go in earlier, stay later, be more efficient” create rhythm and emphasize the cultural pressure. The contrast “The problem is not X… It’s not Y… The problem is that…” is a classic pattern to clarify thinking.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž”្แžšើแžŸំแžŽួแžšแžšូแž”ិแž™ “why is it we increasingly find ourselves…?” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แž‚ិแž แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž•្แž‘ាแž›់។ แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž”៉ាแžš៉ាแžกែแž› “go in earlier, stay later, be more efficient” แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž›ំแž“ាំแžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„ แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌។ แž›ំแž“ាំ “The problem is not X… It’s not Y… The problem is that…” แž‡ាแžšแž”ៀแž”แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžŠែแž›แž‡ួแž™แžขោแž™แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž…្แž”ាแžŸ់។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Pattern:

  • Life in our [modern context] is increasingly [adj, adj, adj].
  • For all our efforts to [verb], [verb], and [verb], why is it we [negative result]?
  • The problem is not [A]. It’s not [B]. The problem is that [C]…
  • Balance and peace of mind are not produced by [X]; they follow the person who [Y] and who [Z].

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž‘ៅแž”្แžšើแž€្แž“ុแž„แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แžŠូแž…แž‡ា៖ “The problem is not our construction projects. It’s not the complexity of the design. The problem is that we ignore our team’s health and family priorities…”.

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: life balance, society, efforts, time, efficiency, technology, health, family, integrity, work, problem, culture, truth, balance, peace of mind, priorities, resources
  • Verbs: is, are, find, subordinating, matter, says, go, stay, be, live, follow, develops
  • Adjectives: complex, demanding, stressful, exhausting, modern, clear, highest
  • Adverbs: increasingly, absolutely
  • Phrases: thick of thin things, sustaining engine of life, peace of mind
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: The text describes “hustle culture” and the smartphone era, where people feel pressure to be always available and productive. Covey’s message pushes against this culture by returning to timeless principles: health, family, integrity, and clear priorities.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแžขំแž–ីแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ “แžំแžšแž់แžšแž€” แž“ិแž„แž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™แžŸ្แž˜ាแžแž ្แžœូแž“ แžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž–ាแž’แž្แžšូแžœแžែแž˜ាแž“แžขแž“แžกាแž‰แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž… แž“ិแž„แž•แž›ិแžแž€แž˜្แž˜แž្แž›ាំแž„។ แžŸាแžš Covey แž‘ាแžŸ់แž“ឹแž„แžœា แžŠោแž™แžขแž‰្แž‡ើแž‰แž™ើแž„แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€ាแž“់แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžขแž…ិแž“្แž្แžšៃแž™៍៖ แžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž’แž˜៌ แž“ិแž„แžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž›ាแžŸ់។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The phrase “find ourselves in the ‘thick of thin things’” acts like a phrasal idea: we suddenly realize we are deeply involved in unimportant tasks. Also, “follow the person who…” shows that balance and peace come after (follow) the kind of person we become.

KM: “find ourselves in the ‘thick of thin things’” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž™แž›់แžƒើแž‰แžា แž™ើแž„แž‡ាแž”់แžšแžœแž›់แž្แž›ាំแž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžšឿแž„แžូแž…แŸ—แž˜ិแž“แžŸំแžាแž“់។ “follow the person who…” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แžុแž›្แž™แž—ាแž– แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แž„แž”់แž…ិแž្แž «แžŠើแžšแžាแž˜» แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแžŠែแžš។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

“What’s in it for me?” Our culture teaches us that if we want something in life, we have to “look out for number one.” It says, “Life is a game, a race, a competition, and you better win it.” Schoolmates, work colleagues, even family members are seen as competitors—the more they win, the less there is for you. Of course we try to appear generous and cheer for others’ successes, but inwardly, privately, so many of us are eating our hearts out when others achieve. Many of the great things in the history of our civilization have been achieved by the independent will of a determined soul. But the greatest opportunities and boundless accomplishments of the Knowledge Worker Age are reserved for those who master the art of “we.” True greatness will be achieved through the abundant mind that works selflessly—with mutual respect, for mutual benefit.

«“What’s in it for me?” (แž្แž‰ុំแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžข្แžœី?) แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แž™ើแž„แžា แž”ើแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แžข្แžœីแž˜ួแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž แž™ើแž„แž្แžšូแžœ “แž˜ើแž›แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแž›េแžแž˜ួแž™” แž‡ាแž˜ុแž“แž‚េ។ แžœាแž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា “แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚ឺแž‡ាแž›្แž”ែแž„ แž”្แžšแž€ួแž แž”្แžšแžŽាំแž„ แž ើแž™แžข្แž“แž€แž្แžšូแžœแžˆ្แž“ះแžœា”។ แž˜ិแž្แžแžšួแž˜แž្แž“ាแž€់ แž˜ិแž្แžแžšួแž˜แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž‘ោះแžŸแž˜ាแž‡ិแž€แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแž•្แž‘ាแž›់ แž€៏แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž˜ើแž›แžាแž‡ាแž‚ូแž”្แžšแž€ួแž — แž–េแž›แž‚េแžˆ្แž“ះแžฒ្แž™แž”ាแž“แž…្แžšើแž“ แž‚ឺแž“ៅแžŸแž›់แžข្แžœីแŸ—แžិแž…แž‡ាแž„แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž™ើแž„។ แž‡ាแž•្แž‘ៃแž€្แžšៅ แž™ើแž„แž–្แž™ាแž™ាแž˜แž˜ើแž›แž‘ៅแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜ាแž“แž…ិแž្แžแž‘ូแž›ាแž™ แžŸแž”្แž”ុแžšแžŸ แž ើแž™แžŸแž”្แž”ាแž™แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž‡័แž™แž‡แž˜្แž“ះแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„ แž‡ាแž…ិแž្แžแžฏแž€แž‡แž“ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž€ំแž–ុแž„ “แžˆឺแž…ិแž្แžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„” แžšាแž›់แž–េแž›แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž‘แž‘ួแž›แž”ាแž“។ แž‡ាแžšឿแž™แŸ— แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แž’ំแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแžœแž្แžិแžŸាแžŸ្แž្แžšแžŸแž˜័แž™แžŸ៊ីแžœិแž›័แž™ แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แžŠោแž™แž†แž“្แž‘ៈแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜្แž“ាแž€់แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž…ិแž្แžแž្แž‡ាแž”់แž្แž‡ួแž“។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžฑแž€ាแžŸแžŠ៏แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž แž“ិแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž–្แžšំแžŠែแž“ แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”ុแž‚្แž‚แž›ិแž€แž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„ แž‚ឺแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแž›แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž˜េแž€្แž“ុแž„ “แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž“ៃแž–ាแž€្แž™ แž™ើแž„”។ แž—ាแž–แž›្แžขแž†្แž“ើแž˜แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž“ឹแž„แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ីแž…ិแž្แžแžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž”ែแž” แžŠែแž›แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš​แžŠោแž™แž˜ិแž“แž‚ិแžแžขោแž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แžែแž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž‚ោแžšแž–แž‘ៀแž„แž‘ាแž់แžšแžœាแž„แž‚្แž“ា แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The paragraph describes a selfish “What’s in it for me?” culture that teaches us to see everyone as competitors. It admits that many people secretly feel jealous when others succeed. It honors strong individuals, but says that in the Knowledge Worker Age, the greatest results belong to people who think “we,” not just “me,” and who work with an abundant, unselfish mindset for mutual benefit.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž˜ួแž™ แžŠែแž›แžŸួแžšแžែ “แž្แž‰ុំแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžข្แžœី?” แž ើแž™แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แž™ើแž„แž˜ើแž›แž‚េแž‡ាแž‚ូแž”្แžšแž€ួแž។ แžœាแžŸាแžšแž—ាแž–แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž…្แžšแžŽែแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž‘แž‘ួแž›แž‡័แž™แž‡แž˜្แž“ះ។ แžœាแž‚ោแžšแž–แžฒ្แž™แžƒើแž‰แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™แž€៏แž’្แžœើแž”ាแž“แžšឿแž„แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แžŠែแžš แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™ “แžข្แž“แž€แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„” แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž“ៃแž–ាแž€្แž™ “แž™ើแž„” — แž‚ិแžแžŠោแž™แž…ិแž្แžแžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž”ែแž” แž˜ិแž“แž‚ិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message: competing against everyone around you is too small for this age. Individual drive is still important, but the biggest opportunities now require collaboration, trust, and an abundant view of people. If we stay stuck in “What’s in it for me?”, we limit our impact and our happiness.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚ិแžแžា “แž‚េแž‡ាแž‚ូแž”្แžšแž€ួแž” แž‚ឺแžូแž…แž–េแž€แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“។ แž€ាแžšแžំแž”្แžšឹแž„แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž“ៅแžែแžŸំแžាแž“់ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž€ាแžšแžŸแž แž€ាแžš แž€ាแžšแž‡ឿแž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แž…ិแž្แžแžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž”ែแž”แž…ំแž–ោះแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ។ แž”ើแž“ៅแžែแž‡ាแž”់แž€្แž“ុแž„ “What’s in it for me?” แž™ើแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž€ាแž់แž”แž“្แžแž™แž‘ាំแž„แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž› แž“ិแž„แžŸុแž—แž˜แž„្แž‚แž›แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • “What’s in it for me?” – the core selfish question.
  • look out for number one – focus on protecting yourself first.
  • Life is a game, a race, a competition… – life is framed as constant winning and losing.
  • schoolmates… family members are seen as competitors – everyone becomes a rival.
  • eating our hearts out when others achieve – image of silent jealousy and pain.
  • independent will of a determined soul – personal determination that creates big achievements.
  • greatest opportunities… reserved for those who master the art of “we” – collaboration as the new power skill.
  • abundant mind that works selflessly—with mutual respect, for mutual benefit – the mindset of true greatness.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแžŸំแž“ួแžš “แž្แž‰ុំแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžข្แžœី?” แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–ីแžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚ិแžแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž‚្แž“ាแž‡ាแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž្แž„ៃ แž€ាแžšแž…្แžšแžŽែแž“แžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ แž–្แžšแž˜แž‘ាំแž„แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แžា แž†แž“្แž‘ៈแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž€៏แžŸំแžាแž“់។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžœាแž”្แžšាแž”់แžា แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแž แž“ាแž–េแž›แž“េះ แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแž›แžขๆŽŒๆก “แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž“ៃแž™ើแž„” แž“ិแž„แž˜ាแž“แž…ិแž្แžแžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž”ែแž”។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • “What’s in it for me?” – “What benefit do I get?” → แž្แž‰ុំแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžข្แžœី? / แž‚ឺแž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แžข gรฌ แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž្แž‰ុំ?
  • look out for number one – protect yourself first. → แž˜ើแž›แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแž›េแžแž˜ួแž™
  • competition – situation where people try to win. → แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„
  • eating our hearts out (idiom) – feeling deep jealousy or pain. → แžˆឺแž…ិแž្แžแž្แž›ាំแž„ / แž…្แžšแžŽែแž“แž្แž›ាំแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž
  • independent will – personal inner power to choose and act. → แž†แž“្แž‘ៈแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™
  • Knowledge Worker Age – time when value comes mainly from knowledge, ideas, and innovation. → แž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™แž”ុแž‚្แž‚แž›ិแž€แž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„
  • the art of “we” – the skill of thinking and working as a team. → แžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž“ៃ “แž™ើแž„”
  • abundant mind – mindset that believes there is enough success for everyone. → แž…ិแž្แžแžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž”ែแž” / แž…ិแž្แžแž˜ិแž“แž្แžœះแžាแž
  • mutual respect / mutual benefit – respect/benefit for both sides. → แž€ាแžšแž‚ោแžšแž–แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី / แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The text mixes present simple (“teaches,” “are seen,” “are reserved”) to describe general truths. Quoted speech (“Life is a game…”) represents the voice of culture. Contrast appears between “me” and “we”, and between past “independent will” achievements and future “we” opportunities.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž”្แžšើแž€ាแž›แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“แž’แž˜្แž˜แžា (“teaches, are seen, are reserved”) แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž–ិแž–แžŽ៌แž“ាแž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ូแž‘ៅ។ แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠាแž€់แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž‰្แž‰ា “ ” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŸំแžกេแž„แžšแž”แžŸ់แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌។ แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž”แžšแžœាแž„ “me” แž“ិแž„ “we” แž“ិแž„แžšแžœាแž„แžŸแž˜័แž™ “แž†แž“្แž‘ៈแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™” แž“ិแž„แžฑแž€ាแžŸแž្แž˜ីแŸ—แžŠែแž›แž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแžšแž€ាแžšแžŸแž แž€ាแžšแžšួแž˜แž‚្แž“ា។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Patterns:

  • Our culture teaches us that [clause].
  • [Group] are seen as competitors—the more they [win], the less there is for [you].
  • Many of the great things… have been achieved by [phrase]. But the greatest opportunities… are reserved for [group].
  • True greatness will be achieved through [mindset] that works [how]—with [values], for [result].

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“แžŠូแž…แž‡ា៖ “Our industry teaches us that price is everything… But the greatest opportunities are reserved for those who master the art of serving customers with integrity and teamwork.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: culture, life, game, race, competition, schoolmates, colleagues, family members, competitors, history, civilization, opportunities, accomplishments, age, art, mind, respect, benefit
  • Verbs: teaches, want, have to look out, are seen, win, try, cheer, are eating (our hearts out), have been achieved, are reserved, will be achieved
  • Adjectives: independent, determined, greatest, boundless, true, mutual (used before nouns)
  • Adverbs: inwardly, privately
  • Phrases / Idioms: look out for number one, eat your heart out, art of “we”, abundant mind
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: Western business culture often celebrates competition and individual heroes. Covey doesn’t reject personal strength, but he says the new economy (knowledge workers, innovation, global teams) demands partnership and trust. The “abundant mind” is a core 7 Habits idea: believing there is enough success and opportunity for everyone.

KM: แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžขាแž‡ីแžœแž€แž˜្แž˜แž្แž›ាំแž„แŸ— (แž‡ាแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแžាแž„แž›ិแž…) แžŸแžšแžŸើแžšแž›แž€្แžแžŽៈแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„ แž“ិแž„ “แžœីแžšแž”ុแžšแžŸแžฏแž€แžšាแž‡្แž™”។ Covey แž˜ិแž“แž”แžŠិแžŸេแž’แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‚ាแž់แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แž™ុแž‚แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី (แž”ុแž‚្แž‚แž›ិแž€แž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„ แž€ាแžšแž…្แž“ៃแž”្แžšแžŒិแž แž€្แžšុแž˜แž‡ាแžŸแž€แž›) แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž€ាแžšแžŸแž แž€ាแžš แž“ិแž„แž‡ំแž“ឿแž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž។ “abundant mind” แž‡ាแž‚ោแž›แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŸំแžាแž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„ 7 Habits៖ แž‡ឿแžា แž˜ាแž“แžฑแž€ាแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แž“ាแžขាแž…แž…ែแž€แžšំแž›ែแž€แž”ាแž“។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: look out for (as in “look out for number one”) is a phrasal verb meaning “protect” or “take care of.” The phrase eat your heart out is an idiom meaning “suffer from jealousy or longing.” These show the emotional side of a selfish, competitive culture.

KM: look out for แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា “แž€ាแžšแž–ាแžš/แž™แž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‘ុแž€แžŠាแž€់” (look out for number one = แž™แž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‘ុแž€แžŠាแž€់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแž›េแžแž˜ួแž™). eat your heart out แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แžˆឺแž…ិแž្แž แžฌแž…្แžšแžŽែแž“แž្แž›ាំแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž។ แžœាแž’្แžœើแžขោแž™แž™ើแž„แžƒើแž‰แž•្แž“ែแž€แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžŠ៏แžˆឺแž…ាแž”់แž“ៃแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž”្แžšแž€់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

The hunger to be understood. Few needs of the human heart are greater than the need to be understood—to have a voice that is heard, respected, and valued—to have influence. Most believe that the key to influence is communication—getting your point across clearly and speaking persuasively. In fact, if you think about it, don’t you find that, while others are speaking to you, instead of really listening to understand, you are often busy preparing your response? The real beginning of influence comes as others sense you are being influenced by them—when they feel understood by you—that you have listened deeply and sincerely, and that you are open. But most people are too vulnerable emotionally to listen deeply—to suspend their agenda long enough to focus on understanding before they communicate their own ideas. Our culture cries out for, even demands, understanding and influence. However, the principle of influence is governed by mutual understanding born of the commitment of at least one person to deep listening first.

«แž—ាแž–แžƒ្แž›ាแž“แžƒ្แž›ាแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แžแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž›់។ แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžŠ៏แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแžแž˜ួแž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž…ិแž្แžแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž›់—แž˜ាแž“แžŸំแž›េแž„แžŠែแž›แž‚េแž”ាแž“แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់ แž‚េแž‚ោแžšแž– แž“ិแž„แž‚េแž•្แžŠแž›់แžแž˜្แž›ៃ—แž”ាแž“แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ឿแžា แž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž“ៃแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž› แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„—แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžขោแž™แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់ แž“ិแž„แžขោแž™แž˜ាแž“แž€ាแžšแž…ាแž”់แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍។ แžែแž–ិแžแž˜ែแž“แž‘េ? แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‚េแž“ិแž™ាแž™ แžើแžข្แž“แž€แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž™แž›់แžฌ? แžฌแž€ំแž–ុแž„แžែแž្แžšៀแž˜แž†្แž›ើแž™แžแž”? แžŠើแž˜แž€ំแžŽើแžแž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž“ៃแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž› แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžšួแž…แžšាแž›់ “แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›” แž–ីแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ—แž–េแž›แž‚េแž…ាแž”់แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžា แžข្แž“แž€แž™แž›់แž–ួแž€แž‚េ—แžข្แž“แž€แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ แž“ិแž„แžŠោแž™แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž„ាแž™แž្แžšូแžœแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ แž ើแž™แž–ិแž”ាแž€แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ—แž–ិแž”ាแž€แž•្แžขាแž€แžšាแž›់แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž˜ើแž›แž…ំแžŽុแž…แž™แž›់แžŸិแž“។ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ แž“ិแž„แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„។ แž‘ោះแž‡ាแž™៉ាแž„แžŽា แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž“ៃแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž› แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŠោแž™ “แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី” แžŠែแž›แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž”្แžេแž‡្แž‰ាแž…ិแž្แžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž™៉ាแž„แž ោแž…แžŽាแžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅแž‡ាแž˜ុแž“។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: This paragraph explains that one of the deepest human needs is the need to be understood. Many people mistakenly believe influence comes from speaking well, but real influence begins when others feel you truly understand them—when you listen deeply and sincerely. However, most people are too emotionally protective and busy to listen deeply. True influence is governed by mutual understanding, starting with one person who chooses to listen first.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžŠ៏แž‡្แžšៅแž”ំแž•ុแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž›់។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž‚ិแžแžុแžŸแžា แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž˜แž€แž–ីแžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž›្แžข แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžា แžข្แž“แž€แž™แž›់แž–ួแž€แž‚េ—แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ แž“ិแž„แžŠោแž™แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់។ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แžšឹแž„แž”៉ឹแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž–េแž€ แž ើแž™แž–ិแž”ាแž€แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ។ แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŠោแž™แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី แžŠែแž›แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜្แž“ាแž€់แžŠែแž›แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž…ិแž្แžแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡ាแž˜ុแž“។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message: most people think they influence others by talking, persuading, or explaining. But true influence happens only when others feel heard. Listening is more powerful than speaking. Deep listening requires emotional courage and humility, which many people lack.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž‚ិแžแžា แž€ាแžšแž“ិแž™ាแž™แž‡ួแž™แžฑ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž›ើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។ แžែแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž–ិแž แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžា แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž›់។ แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž˜ាแž“แžขំแžŽាแž…แž›ើแžŸแž€ាแžšแž“ិแž™ាแž™។ แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅแž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž€ំแž›ាំแž„แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž‚ោแžšแž–แž្แž›ួแž“ แžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • The hunger to be understood – core emotional need.
  • to have a voice that is heard, respected, and valued – definition of being understood.
  • Most believe… the key to influence is communication – the common misconception.
  • Instead of really listening… you are often preparing your response – normal human habit.
  • The real beginning of influence comes as others sense you are being influenced by them – paradox: influence begins by being influenceable.
  • Most people are too vulnerable emotionally to listen deeply – emotional defensiveness.
  • The principle of influence… governed by mutual understanding – universal law.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—៖ – แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž™แž›់ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแž˜ាแž“แžŸំแž›េแž„แžŠែแž›แž‚េแž‚ោแžšแž– – แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‚ិแžแžា แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž“ិแž™ាแž™ – แž‡ាแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“ แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‘េ แžែแž្แžšៀแž˜แž†្แž›ើแž™ – แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ – แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ឿแž‡ាแž€់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž–េแž€ แž“ិแž„แž˜ិแž“แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ – แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž–ិแž แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž€ាแžšแž™แž›់แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • hunger – deep need or longing → แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš / แž€ាแžšแžƒ្แž›ាแž“
  • voice – figurative meaning: opinion or identity → แžŸំแž›េแž„ (แž“័แž™แž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™)
  • influence – power to affect others → แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›
  • persuasively – in a convincing way → แžŠោแž™แž’្แžœើแžขោแž™แž‡ឿ
  • prepare your response – plan your reply before listening → แž្แžšៀแž˜แž†្แž›ើแž™แž˜ុแž“แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់
  • vulnerable emotionally – easily emotionally affected → แžšแž„แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž„ាแž™
  • mutual understanding – both sides understand each other → แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់แž‘្แžœេแž—ាแž‚ី
  • deep listening – listening with full focus and sincerity → แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ แžŠោแž™แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The paragraph uses present simple to describe universal truths (“Few needs… are greater,” “Most believe…,” “The real beginning… comes”). Repetition (“to be understood… to have a voice… to have influence”) builds emotional rhythm. The shift from “most people” to “our culture” expands the message from individuals to society.

KM: แž”្แžšើ present simple แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ូแž‘ៅ។ แž€ាแžšแž€ាแž“់แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžាแž˜แž›ំแž“ាំ “to be understood / to have a voice / to have influence” แž”แž„្แž€ើแž rhythm แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍។ แž€ាแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž–ី “most people” แž‘ៅ “our culture” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžាแž”แž‰្แž ាแž“េះแž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แž‘ាំแž„แž˜ូแž›។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Few needs… are greater than… – comparison pattern.
  • Most believe that… – stating a common belief.
  • Don’t you find that…? – rhetorical question to engage the reader.
  • The real beginning of influence comes when… – definition pattern.
  • Most people are too [adj] to [verb] – emotional limitation structure.
  • The principle of influence is governed by… – formal rule pattern.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขแž្แžแž”แž‘ ื”ื ื”៖ – “Most of my team believe that working harder is the key, but the real improvement comes when we understand each other deeply.” – “Few needs are greater than the need to feel respected at work.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: hunger, need, voice, influence, communication, response, agenda, culture, principle, understanding
  • Verbs: be understood, believe, think, find, listening, preparing, comes, feel, are governed
  • Adjectives: greater, clear, persuasive, vulnerable, mutual
  • Adverbs: deeply, sincerely
  • Phrases: “be understood,” “prepare your response,” “deep listening,” “mutual understanding”
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: Modern culture values speaking, performing, and productivity. Listening is seen as passive, even weak. Covey challenges that belief: deep listening is the foundation of trust, leadership, and influence. This theme connects directly to Habit 5: “Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood.”

KM: แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แžŸแžšแžŸើแžšแž€ាแžšแž“ិแž™ាแž™ แž€ាแžšแžŸំแžŠែแž„ แž“ិแž„แž•แž›ិแžแž—ាแž–។ แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž˜ើแž›แžា แž‡ាแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แž‘แž“់แž្แžŸោแž™។ Covey แž”แžŠិแžŸេแž’แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž“ោះ—แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅ แž‚ឺแž‚្แžšឹះแž“ៃแž‡ំแž“ឿ แž€ាแžšแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំ แž“ិแž„แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›។ แž“េះแž‡ាแž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™ Habit 5៖ “Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood.”

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់

EN: No strong phrasal verbs appear, but phrases such as “prepare your response” and “cry out for” function similarly by expressing emotional intensity or preparation.

KM: แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“ phrasal verb แž…แž˜្แž”แž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แž–ាแž€្แž™แžŠូแž…แž‡ា “cry out for” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แžŸ្แžšែแž€แžŸុំ/แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Conflict and differences. People share so much in common, yet are so magnificently different. They think differently; they have different and sometimes competing values, motivations, and objectives. Conflicts naturally arise out of these differences. Society’s competitive approach to resolving the conflict and differences tends to center on “winning as much as you can.” Though much good has come from the skillful art of compromise, where both sides give on their positions until an acceptable middle point is reached, neither side ends up truly pleased. What a waste to have differences drive people to the lowest common denominator between them! What a waste to fail to unleash the principle of creative cooperation in developing solutions to problems that are better than either party’s original notion!

«แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះ แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž™ើแž„แž˜ាแž“แžšឿแž„แž…្แžšើแž“แžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™แžŽាแžŸ់។ แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž‚ិแžแžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា แž˜ាแž“แžแž˜្แž›ៃ แž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„ แž“ិแž„แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ំแžšុแž‰แžុแžŸแŸ—แž‚្แž“ា แž ើแž™แž្แž›ះแž€៏แž”្แžšแž†ាំแž„แž‚្แž“ាแž•แž„แžŠែแžš។ แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះแž€ើแžแžกើแž„แžŠោแž™แž’แž˜្แž˜แžា แž–ីแž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ។ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះ แžŠោแž™แž•្แžោแžแž›ើ “แžˆ្แž“ះแžขแžŸ់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แžŠែแž›แžขាแž…แžˆ្แž“ះแž”ាแž“”។ แž‘ោះแž‡ាแžŸិแž›្แž”ៈแž”្แžšแž€แž”แžŠោแž™แž‡ំแž“ាแž‰แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแžŸុំแž–ាแž€្แž™แžŸแž˜្แžšុះแžŸแž˜្แžšាំแž„ แžฒ្แž™แž—ាแž‚ីแž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžšแž”แžŽ្แžŠោแž™แž”แž“្แžិแž…แž˜្แžแž„แŸ— แžšแž ូแžแžŠแž›់แžšแž€แžƒើแž‰แž…ំแžŽុแž…แž€แžŽ្แžŠាแž›แž€៏แžŠោแž™ แž€៏แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž‚ីแžŽាแžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž–េแž‰แž›េแž‰แž‘េ។ แžœាแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž្แž‡ះแž្แž‡ាแž™แžŽាแžŸ់ แž“ៅแž–េแž›แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា แž“ាំแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžฒ្แž™แž’្แž›ាแž€់แž…ូแž›แž‘ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„ “แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž‘ាแž”แž”ំแž•ុแžแžšួแž˜” แžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ួแž€แž‚េ។ แžœាแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž្แž‡ះแž្แž‡ាแž™แž’ំ แž˜ិแž“แž”ាแž“แžŠោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™ แžฌแž›ែแž„แž…េแž‰แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ “แžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžข្แžœីแž្แž˜ី” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž›្แžขแž‡ាแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŠើแž˜แžšแž”แžŸ់แž—ាแž‚ីแžŽាแž˜ួแž™។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: This paragraph explains that people have much in common but also deep differences in thinking, values, and goals. These differences naturally create conflict. Society often handles conflict as a competition where each side tries to win as much as possible. Compromise is better, but usually leaves no one truly happy. The real tragedy is failing to use creative cooperation to find new solutions that are better than what either side first wanted.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž–แž“្แž™แž›់แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜ាแž“แž…្แžšើแž“แžข្แžœីแžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž្แž›ាំแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž‚ិแž แžแž˜្แž›ៃ แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„។ แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‡แž˜្แž›ោះแžŠោแž™แž’แž˜្แž˜แžា។ แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“ แžŠោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះ แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„ แžŠែแž›แž˜្แž“ាแž€់แŸ—แž–្แž™ាแž™ាแž˜ “แžˆ្แž“ះแžฒ្แž™แž”ាแž“แž…្แžšើแž“แž”ំแž•ុแž”។ แž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšុះแžŸแž˜្แžšាំแž„ (compromise) แžฒ្แž™แž—ាแž‚ីแž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžšแž”แž‰្แž…ុះแžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš แžšแž ូแžแžŠแž›់แž€แžŽ្แžាแž› แž€៏แžขាแž…แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍ แžែแž—ាแž‚ីแžŽាแž€៏แž˜ិแž“แž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แžแž–េแž‰แž”េះแžŠូแž„។ แž€ាแžšแž្แž‡ះแž្แž‡ាแž™แžŠ៏แž’ំ แž‚ឺแž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž˜ិแž“แž”្แžšើ “แžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžข្แžœីแž្แž˜ី” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžšแž€แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž›្แžขแž‡ាแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŠើแž˜แžšแž”แžŸ់แž—ាแž‚ីแž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžš។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message: conflict is not the enemy—how we handle conflict is the real problem. If we only compete or settle for weak compromises, we waste the power of differences. When we practice creative cooperation, differences become a source of better ideas and stronger relationships.

KM: แžข្แžœីแž‡្แžšៅแŸ—แž‚ឺ៖ “แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ” แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžœិแž’ីแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แžŠោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះ แž‘ើแž”แž‡ាแž”แž‰្แž ា។ แž”ើแž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„ แžฌแž‘แž‘ួแž›แž™แž€แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž€แžŽ្แžŠាแž›แžŠែแž›แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž“แžšแžŽាแž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แž แž™ើแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž្แž‡ះแž្แž‡ាแž™แžขំแžŽាแž…แž“ៃแž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា។ แž”្แžšแžŸិแž“แž”ើแž™ើแž„แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž “แžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžข្แžœីแž្แž˜ី” แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž“ឹแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž”្แžšាแž€់แž’แž“แž“ៃแž‚ំแž“ិแžแž›្แžข แž“ិแž„แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แžšឹแž„แž˜ាំแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • People share so much in common, yet are so magnificently different – shows unity + diversity.
  • different and sometimes competing values, motivations, and objectives – explains why conflict appears.
  • competitive approach… “winning as much as you can” – win–lose mindset.
  • art of compromise… acceptable middle point – both sides give up something.
  • neither side ends up truly pleased – low satisfaction outcome.
  • lowest common denominator – the weakest shared level between sides.
  • creative cooperation… solutions… better than either party’s original notion – win–win, synergistic outcome.

KM: Covey แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–ីแŸฃแž€แž˜្แžšិแž៖ – แž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„ (แžข្แž“แž€แžŽាแžˆ្แž“ះแž…្แžšើแž“แž”ំแž•ុแž) – แžŸแž˜្แžšុះแžŸแž˜្แžšាំแž„ (แž…ំแžŽុแž…แž€แžŽ្แžŠាแž› แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แžŸូแžœแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŽាแžšីแž€แžšាแž™) – แžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžข្แžœីแž្แž˜ី (แžŠំแžŽោះแžŸ្แžšាแž™แž›្แžขแž‡ាแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžŠើแž˜แž‘ាំแž„แž–ីแžš)។

4. Vocabulary Building แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • magnificently different – wonderfully, beautifully different → แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž™៉ាแž„แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™
  • competing values – values that pull in opposite directions → แžแž˜្แž›ៃแž”្แžšแž†ាំแž„แž‚្แž“ា
  • conflict – serious disagreement → แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះ
  • competitive approach – method based on winning vs losing → แžœិแž’ីแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„
  • compromise – each side gives up something to reach an agreement → แžŸแž˜្แžšុះแžŸแž˜្แžšាំแž„
  • middle point – point between two positions → แž…ំแžŽុแž…แž€แžŽ្แžŠាแž›
  • lowest common denominator – the simplest, weakest level both sides can accept → แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž‘ាแž”แž”ំแž•ុแžแžšួแž˜
  • creative cooperation – working together to create better new ideas → แžŸแž แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžข្แžœីแž្แž˜ី
  • unleash – release, let something free → แž”แž‰្แž…េแž‰ / แž›ែแž„แž…េแž‰
  • notion – idea, belief → แž‚ំแž“ិแž / แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž‚ោแž›
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The passage uses present simple to describe general truths (“People share…,” “Conflicts naturally arise…”). Exclamations “What a waste…” emphasize emotional judgment. Parallel structures (“different and sometimes competing values, motivations, and objectives”) create rhythm and clarity.

KM: แž”្แžšើ present simple แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž–ិแžแž‘ូแž‘ៅ។ แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚ “What a waste…” แž‚ឺแž”្แžšើแžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แžขแž‘ិแž—ាแž– (exclamation) แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแžាแž“แžฑแž€ាแžŸ។ แž€ាแžšแžšៀแž”แž‡ួแžš “values, motivations, and objectives” แž‡ាแžŸแž˜ាแžŸแž—ាแž‚แž”ី แž”แž„្แž€ើแž rhythm แž„ាแž™แžขាแž“។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • People share so much in common, yet are so [adv] different. – contrast pattern (“so much… yet…”).
  • Conflicts naturally arise out of these differences. – cause–effect.
  • Society’s… approach tends to center on “...” – describes a typical pattern.
  • Though much good has come from..., neither side ends up truly pleased. – concession + result.
  • What a waste to... – strong emotional emphasis.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំ “What a waste to…” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžŸแžšแžŸេแžš៖ – “What a waste to let talented people leave our company because of small conflicts.” – “What a waste to ignore creative ideas just to protect our ego.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: conflict, differences, people, values, motivations, objectives, approach, compromise, point, denominator, principle, cooperation, solutions, problems, notion
  • Verbs: share, are, think, arise, resolve, center, has come, give, is reached, ends up, drive, fail, unleash, develop
  • Adjectives: different, competing, competitive, acceptable, common, creative, original
  • Adverbs: naturally, magnificently
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: Modern culture often celebrates competition: sports, business, politics, and even school. Covey challenges the “win as much as you can” mindset and invites us to Habits 4, 5, and 6—Think Win–Win, Seek First to Understand, and Synergize. These habits turn conflict into creativity instead of division.

KM: แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž›ើแž€แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšแž€ួแžแž”្แžšแž‡ែแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ីแžกា แžขាแž‡ីแžœแž€แž˜្แž˜ แž“ិแž„แž“แž™ោแž”ាแž™។ Covey แž”្แžឹแž„แžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž…េแž‰แž–ីแž‚ំแž“ិแž “แžˆ្แž“ះแž”ាแž“แžែแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„” แž ើแž™แž…ូแž›แž‘ៅแžšแž€ Habit 4, 5, 6 — Think Win–Win, Seek First to Understand, Synergize។ Habits แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž”្แžšែแž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡แž˜្แž›ោះ แžฒ្แž™แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž—แž–แž“ៃแžŸ្แž“ាแžŠៃแž្แž˜ី แž“ិแž„แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แž›្แžข។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The text does not rely on classic phrasal verbs, but the phrase “ends up” works like a phrasal idea meaning “finally results in.” Also, “arise out of” behaves like a multi-word verb meaning “come from.”

KM: “end up” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា “แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž‘ៅแžŠแž›់แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แžŽាแž˜ួแž™”។ “arise out of” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា “แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ី / แž˜แž€แž–ី”។ แžœាแž‡ាแžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់แžŸំแžាแž“់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšែแž”្แžšួแž› แž“ិแž„แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

Personal stagnation. Human nature is four dimensional—body, mind, heart, and spirit. Consider the differences and fruits of the two approaches:

«แž€ាแžšแžˆแž”់แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“។ แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžิเธกแž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜ាแž“แŸคแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžš — แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ แžួแžšแž€្แž”ាแž› (แž”แž‰្แž‰ា) แž”េះแžŠូแž„ แž“ិแž„แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ។ แžŸូแž˜แž–ិแž…ាแžšแžŽាแžขំแž–ីแž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា แž“ិแž„แž•្แž›ែแž•แž›แž“ៃแžœិแž’ីแžŸាแžŸ្แžš្แžแž–ីแžšแž”ែแž”แžាแž„แž€្แžšោแž˜។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The text introduces “personal stagnation” and reminds us that a human being has four dimensions: body, mind, heart, and spirit. It invites us to compare two different approaches and the results (“fruits”) they produce in these four areas.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះแž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžŠោแž™แž–ាแž€្แž™ “personal stagnation” แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž€ាแžšแžˆแž”់แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž ើแž™แžšំแž›ឹแž€แžា แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž˜ាแž“แžœិแž˜ាแž្แžšแŸค — แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ แž”แž‰្แž‰ា แž”េះแžŠូแž„ แž“ិแž„แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ។ แžœាแžขแž‰្แž‡ើแž‰แžขោแž™แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž” “แžœិแž’ីแžŸាแžŸ្แžš្แžแž–ីแžšแž”ែแž”” แž“ិแž„แž˜ើแž›แž•្แž›ែแž•แž› แžŠែแž›แžœាแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž›ើแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžšแž‘ាំแž„แŸคแž“េះ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper idea is that if we focus only on one or two dimensions (for example, just body and money, or just the mind and career) and ignore the others, we become stuck and empty inside. True growth requires renewing all four parts of our nature.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แž”ើแž™ើแž„แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแžែแŸก–แŸขแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžšแž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ (แžง. แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž›ុแž™ แž“ិแž„แžŸុแžแž—ាแž–แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แžែแžšแž€្แžŸាแž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ) แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„ “แž‡ាแž”់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„” แž–ុំแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž‘ៀแž แž ើแž™แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž‘แž‘េแž€្แž“ុแž„แž្แž›ួแž“។ แž€ាแžšแž›ូแžแž›ាแžŸ់แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แž—ាแžšៈแž”ំแž–េแž‰ แž“ិแž„แž”แž“្แžแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ แž”แž‰្แž‰ា แž”េះแžŠូแž„ แž“ិแž„แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽแžšួแž˜แž‚្แž“ា។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Personal stagnation. – a short title phrase, naming the problem: being stuck, not growing.
  • Human nature is four dimensional—body, mind, heart, and spirit. – defines a complete view of a person.
  • Consider the differences and fruits of the two approaches: – an invitation to compare two ways of living and what results they produce.

KM: – “Personal stagnation” = แž€ាแžšแžˆแž”់แž‘ំแž“េแžšแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“។
– “four dimensional” = แž˜ាแž“แŸคแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžš (แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ แž”แž‰្แž‰ា แž”េះแžŠូแž„ แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ)។
– “fruits of the two approaches” = แž•្แž›ែแž•แž› /แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž“ៃแžœិแž’ីแžšแžŸ់แž–ីแžšแž”ែแž”แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា (แžง. แžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž”แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แžែแž្แž›ួแž“ vs แžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž”แžែแž‘ាំแž„แŸคแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžš)។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • personal – related to one’s own life and self → แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“
  • stagnation – not moving or growing; stuck → แž€ាแžšแžˆแž”់แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แž / แž€ាแžšแž€แž€់แž€แž€
  • four dimensional – having four key aspects or dimensions → แž˜ាแž“แŸคแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžš
  • body – physical health and strength → แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™
  • mind – thoughts, learning, intelligence → แžួแžšแž€្แž”ាแž› / แž”แž‰្แž‰ា
  • heart – emotions, relationships, love → แž”េះแžŠូแž„ / แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ / แžŸ្แž“េแž ា
  • spirit – meaning, conscience, deeper purpose → แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ / แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡្แžšៅ
  • fruits (figurative) – results, outcomes → แž•្แž›ែแž•แž› / แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›
  • approaches – ways of thinking or acting → แžœិแž’ីแžŸាแžŸ្แžš្แž / แžœិแž’ីแžšแžŸ់
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: “Human nature is four dimensional” uses a linking verb “is” + adjective phrase “four dimensional” to describe what human nature is like. The dash “—body, mind, heart, and spirit” acts like an explanation or list. “Consider the differences and fruits…” is an imperative sentence (a soft command to the reader).

KM: “Human nature is four dimensional” แž”្แžšើแž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘ “is” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“ (human nature) แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž‚ុแžŽแž“ាแž˜ (four dimensional)។ แžŸแž‰្แž‰ា “—” แž”្แžšើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แž‘ៀแžแžា แžœាแž˜ាแž“แžข្แžœីแž្แž›ះ (body, mind, heart, spirit)។ “Consider …” แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž”ែแž”แž‘แž“់ แžŠែแž›แž…แž„់แžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แžŸូแž˜แž‚ិแž / แžŸូแž˜แž–ិแž…ាแžšแžŽា។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • [Topic]. – a short noun phrase as a heading or label (e.g., “Personal stagnation.”).
  • Human nature is [number] dimensional — [list]. – definition + explanation list.
  • Consider the [differences] and [fruits] of [two approaches]. – invitation to compare.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแž‘ៅแž”្แžšើ៖
– “Team performance is three dimensional—skills, systems, and relationships.”
– “Consider the fruits of working only for money versus working for meaning and service.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: stagnation, nature, body, mind, heart, spirit, differences, fruits, approaches
  • Adjectives: personal, four (as number), dimensional
  • Verbs: is, consider
  • Adverbs: (none in this short text)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In Covey’s work, these four dimensions connect to “Sharpen the Saw” (Habit 7). Many modern cultures push people to focus mainly on body (appearance, energy) and mind (career, skills), while heart and spirit are neglected. This produces burnout and “success without peace.” Covey calls us back to a more complete, principle-centered life.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸ្แž“ាแžŠៃแžšแž”แžŸ់ Covey แžœិแž˜ាแž្แžšแŸคแž“េះแž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‘ៅแž“ឹแž„ Habit 7 – Sharpen the Saw (แžែแžšแž€្แžŸាแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់)។ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž‡ំแžšុแž‰แžฒ្แž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž•្แžោแžแž›ើแžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ (แžšូแž”แžšាแž„ แžាแž˜แž–แž›) แž“ិแž„แžួแžšแž€្แž”ាแž› (แž€ាแžšแž„ាแžš แž‡ំแž“ាแž‰) แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ើแž›แžšំแž›แž„แž”េះแžŠូแž„ แž“ិแž„แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ។ แž…ំแžŽុแž…แž“េះแž”แž„្แž€ើแž burnout แž“ិแž„ “แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แžŠែแž›แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸុแž—แž˜แž„្แž‚แž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž”។ Covey แž ៅแž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž˜แž€แžšแžŸ់แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžŠោแž™แžែแžšแž€្แžŸាแžœិแž˜ាแž្แžšแž‘ាំแž„แŸค។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: This sentence does not contain classic phrasal verbs. However, in discussion we might use phrases like “stuck in life,” “burn out,” or “grow into your potential” when talking about personal stagnation and growth.

KM: แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แžŠើแž˜แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“ phrasal verb แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แŸ—แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž–េแž›แž–ិแž—ាแž€្แžŸា แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž”្แžšើแž‡ា៖ “get stuck in life” (แž‡ាแž”់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž แž˜ិแž“แžšីแž€แž…แž˜្แžšើแž“), “burn out” (แžขแžŸ់แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แž…ិแž្แž/แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™), “grow into your potential” (แž›ូแžแž›ាแžŸ់แž‘ៅแž‡ាแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜แž្แžแž—ាแž–แž–េแž‰แž›េแž‰แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“)។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

BODY: Cultural tendency: maintain lifestyle; treat health problems with surgery and medication. Principle: prevent diseases and problems by aligning lifestyle to be in harmony with established, universally accepted principles of health.

«แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ (BODY): แž“ិแž“្แž“ាแž€ាแžšแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ แž‚ឺแžšแž€្แžŸាแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แžŠแžŠែแž› แž ើแž™แž–េแž›แž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ាแžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž‘ើแž”แž–ឹแž„แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแžœះแž€ាแž់ แž“ិแž„แž្แž“ាំ។ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ាแžš แž‡ំแž„ឺ แž“ិแž„แž”แž‰្แž ាแžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แžŠោแž™แž€ែแžŸแž˜្แžšួแž›แžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แžฒ្แž™ แžŸ្แžšแž” แž“ិแž„แžŸแž˜แžŸ្แžšแž”แž“ឹแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸុแžแž—ាแž–แžŸแž€แž› แžŠែแž›แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แž‘ូแž‘ៅ។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: For the body, culture often tells us to keep our current lifestyle and only fix health problems later with surgery and medicine. The principle, however, is to prevent disease by shaping our lifestyle to fit well-known, universal health principles.

KM: แž…ំแž–ោះแžšាแž„แž€ាแž™ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“ แž”្แžšាแž”់แž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แžšแž€្แžŸាแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แžŠแžŠែแž› แž ើแž™แž”ើแž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ាแžŸុแžแž—ាแž– แž‘ើแž”แž–ឹแž„แž‘ៅแž›ើแžœះแž€ាแž់ แž“ិแž„แž្แž“ាំ។ แžែแž€្แž“ុแž„แž˜ុំแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžœិแž‰ แž‚ឺแž្แžšូแžœ “แž”แž„្แž€ាแžš​แž‡ំแž„ឺ” แžŠោแž™แž€ែแžŸแž˜្แžšួแž›แžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แžฒ្แž™ แžŸ្แžšแž”แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸុแžแž—ាแž–แžŸแž€แž› แžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‘ូแž‘ៅแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper idea is that many people try to protect their lifestyle instead of protecting their health. They wait until they are sick, then ask doctors to “repair” them. Principle-centered people do the opposite: they adjust their daily habits—sleep, food, movement, stress—to prevent problems before they start.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ “แž€ាแžšแž–ាแžš​แžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់” แž›ើแž€แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ แž˜ិแž“แž…ូแž›แž€ែแž”្แžšែแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแžšแž€แž˜ើแž›แž‚្แžšូแž–េแž‘្แž™แž–េแž›แž‡ំแž„ឺแž˜แž€។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžœិแž‰ แž€ែแž”្แžšែแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แž”្แžšแž…ាំแž្แž„ៃ (แžŠេแž€ แžขាแž ាแžš แž្แž›ួแž“แžฒ្แž™แžฒ្แž™แžšแžœแž›់ แž€ាแžšแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŸ្แž្แžšេแžŸ) แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž€ាแžšแž”แž‰្แž ា แž˜ុแž“แžœាแž€ើแžแžกើแž„។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • BODY: – labels which dimension we are talking about (physical body).
  • Cultural tendency: maintain lifestyle; – describes the typical pattern: don’t change habits.
  • treat health problems with surgery and medication. – solution comes only after problems appear.
  • Principle: – introduces the healthier, principle-centered approach.
  • prevent diseases and problems by aligning lifestyle – focus on prevention through lifestyle.
  • to be in harmony with established, universally accepted principles of health. – follow well-tested health principles, not trends.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž“េះแž”ែแž„แž…ែแž€แž‡ាแŸขแž•្แž“ែแž€៖ “Cultural tendency” (แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž’្แžœើ) แž“ិแž„ “Principle” (แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž‚ួแžšแž’្แžœើแžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸុแžแž—ាแž–)។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • body – physical part of a person → แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™
  • cultural tendency – what most people in a culture usually do → แž“ិแž“្แž“ាแž€ាแžšแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ / แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แžšួแž˜
  • maintain lifestyle – keep current way of living → แžšแž€្แžŸាแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แžŠแžŠែแž›
  • treat (health problems) – try to cure → แž–្แž™ាแž”ាแž›
  • surgery – medical operation → แžœះแž€ាแž់
  • medication – medicine, drugs → แž្แž“ាំ / แž្แž“ាំแž–េแž‘្แž™
  • principle – basic rule or law that always works → แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍
  • prevent – stop something before it happens → แž”แž„្แž€ាแžš
  • align (lifestyle) – adjust to match a standard → แž€ែแžฒ្แž™แžŸ្แžšแž” / แžแž˜្แžšឹแž˜
  • in harmony with – matching, working together smoothly → แžŸ្แžšแž”แžŸแž˜ / แžŸแž˜แžŸ្แžšแž”แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™
  • universally accepted – agreed by people everywhere → แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แž‡ាแžŸแž€แž›
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The structure uses labels and noun phrases instead of full sentences: “Cultural tendency: maintain lifestyle…” and “Principle: prevent diseases…”. The verbs “maintain” and “prevent” are in base form, acting like instructions or general rules.

KM: แž“ៅแž‘ីแž“េះแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž–េแž‰แž›េแž‰แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แž‘េ แžែแž”្แžšើ label + noun phrase แžŠូแž…แž‡ា “Cultural tendency: maintain lifestyle…”. แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘ “maintain / treat / prevent / align” แž”្แžšើแž‘แž˜្แžšแž„់แžŠើแž˜ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž‡ាแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžฌแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž‘ូแž‘ៅ។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • BODY: Cultural tendency: [verb phrase]. Principle: [verb phrase].
  • Parallel pattern: first describe what culture does, then describe what principles suggest.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž”្แžšើแž›ំแž“ាំแžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា៖
– “MIND: Cultural tendency: consume information all day. Principle: choose and study deeply the most important knowledge.”
แžœាแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា​แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់ แžšแžœាแž„ “แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌” แž“ិแž„ “แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍”។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: body, tendency, lifestyle, health problems, surgery, medication, principle, diseases, problems, lifestyle, harmony, principles, health
  • Verbs: maintain, treat, prevent, aligning (align)
  • Adjectives: cultural, established, universally accepted
  • Prepositions: with, by
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In many modern societies, especially with fast food, long sitting at work, and high stress, people rely heavily on hospitals and medicine instead of changing habits. Covey’s principle-centered view is closer to traditional wisdom: sleep well, eat wisely, move your body, manage stress, and avoid addiction—this is real “sharpening the saw” physically.

KM: แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី (แžขាแž ាแžšแž›ឿแž“ แžขแž„្แž‚ុแž™แž™ូแžš แžŸ្แž្แžšេแžŸแž្แž›ាំแž„) แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž–ឹแž„แž›ើแž˜แž“្แž‘ីแžšแž–េแž‘្แž™ แž“ិแž„แž្แž“ាំ แž‡ំแž“ួแžŸแž€ាแžšแž€ែแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់។ แž˜ើแž›แž–ីแž˜ុំ Covey แž‚ាแž់แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžœិแž’ី “Sharpen the Saw” แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž”ុแžšាแžŽ៖ แžŠេแž€แžฒ្แž™แž‚្แžšแž”់ แžขាแž ាแžšแžŸแž˜แžšแž˜្แž™ แž’្แžœើแž›ំแž ាแž់แž”្แžšាแžŽ แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แžŸ្แž្แžšេแžŸ แž‡ៀแžŸแžœាแž„แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แžขាแžŸុីแž แž‘ើแž”แžšាแž„แž€ាแž™แžšឹแž„แž˜ាំแž–ិแž។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The text itself does not use clear phrasal verbs, but in conversation we may say “keep up this lifestyle,” “end up in the hospital,” or “live up to health principles” when we talk about this contrast.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž…แž„แž…ាំแžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘แž”ែแž” phrasal verbs แžŠែแž›แž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’៖
keep up this lifestyle = แžšแž€្แžŸាแžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แž”ែแž”แž“េះ
end up in the hospital = แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž‘ៅแžŠแž›់แž˜แž“្แž‘ីแžšแž–េแž‘្แž™
live up to health principles = แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžฒ្แž™แžŸแž˜แžŸ្แžšแž”แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸុแžแž—ាแž–

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

MIND: Culture: watch television, “entertain me.” Principle: read broadly and deeply, continuous education.

«แž‚ំแž“ិแž (MIND): แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះ៖ แž˜ើแž›แž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍ แž ើแž™แž‚ិแžแžែ “แž€ំแžŸាแž“្แžแž្แž‰ុំแž‘ៅ” แžែแž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžœិแž‰៖ แžขាแž“แžฒ្แž™แž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™ แž“ិแž„แž‡្แžšៅ แž”แž“្แžแž€ាแžšแžขแž”់แžšំแž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: For the mind, modern culture often says, “Relax and entertain me” with television and passive media. The principle, however, is to feed the mind by reading widely and deeply and by continuing to learn throughout life.

KM: แž…ំแž–ោះแž•្แž“ែแž€แž‚ំแž“ិแž แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“ แž”្แžšាแž”់แž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™ “แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž€ แž€ំแžŸាแž“្แžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„” แžŠោแž™แž˜ើแž›แž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍ แž“ិแž„แž˜េแžŒៀแžแž˜แž˜ឹแž›แŸ—។ แžែแž€្แž“ុแž„แž˜ុំแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžœិแž‰ แž‚ួแžšแž្แžšូแžœ “แž‡แž˜្แžšុแž‰แž‚ំแž“ិแž” แžŠោแž™แžขាแž“แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™ แž“ិแž„แž‡្แžšៅ แž ើแž™แž”แž“្แžแžšៀแž“แž‡ំแžšឿแž“แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‘ាំแž„แž˜ូแž›។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper idea is that many people use their free time to numb the mind instead of developing it. Entertainment is not wrong, but if it dominates, the mind becomes weak and shallow. Principle-centered people deliberately choose books, ideas, and learning experiences that stretch their thinking.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž”្แžšើแž–េแž›แž‘ំแž“េแžš “แž”ិแž‘แž‚ំแž“ិแž” แž‡ាแž„ “แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž‚ំแž“ិแž”។ แž€ាแžšแž€ំแžŸាแž“្แžแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžុแžŸแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”ើแžœាแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„แž–េแž›แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់ แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž“ឹแž„แž្แžŸោแž™ แž“ិแž„แžšំแž‡ាแž€់។ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‡្แžšើแžŸแžšើแžŸแžขាแž“แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ แž™แž›់แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž្แž˜ីแŸ— แž“ិแž„แž…ូแž›แžšួแž˜แž€ាแžšแžšៀแž“ แžŠែแž›แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž‚េแž‚ិแžแž”ាแž“แž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™ แž“ិแž„แž‡្แžšៅแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • MIND: – labels the mental dimension (thinking, learning).
  • Culture: watch television, “entertain me.” – typical modern habit: consume easy entertainment.
  • Principle: read broadly and deeply, continuous education. – describes the wiser habit: serious reading and lifelong learning.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž“េះแž”ែแž„แž…ែแž€แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‡ាแŸขแž•្แž“ែแž€៖ “Culture” (แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž’្แžœើ) แž“ិแž„ “Principle” (แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž‚ួแžšแž’្แžœើแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแžแžšแž™ៈแžœែแž„)។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • mind – the thinking and learning part of a person → แž‚ំแž“ិแž / แž…ិแž្แžแž€ាแžšแž‚ិแž
  • culture – shared habits and values of a group → แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌
  • watch television – passively consume TV programs → แž˜ើแž›แž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍
  • entertain me – “make me feel amused, don’t make me work” → แž€ំแžŸាแž“្แžแž្แž‰ុំแž‘ៅ / แžฒ្แž™แž្แž‰ុំแžŸแž”្แž”ាแž™
  • read broadly – read many different topics → แžขាแž“แž‘ូแž›ំแž‘ូแž›ាแž™
  • read deeply – study something with focus and depth → แžขាแž“แžฒ្แž™แž‡្แžšៅ / แžŸិแž€្แžŸាแžฒ្แž™แž›แž˜្แžขិแž
  • continuous education – keep learning all through life → แž€ាแžšแžขแž”់แžšំแž”แž“្แž / แžšៀแž“แž˜ិแž“แžŠាแž…់
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: Again, this line uses labels and noun phrases rather than full sentences: “Culture: watch television…” and “Principle: read broadly and deeply…”. The base-form verbs “watch / read” act like general rules or commands.

KM: แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž“ៅแž‘ីแž“េះแž”្แžšើ label (“Culture”, “Principle”) แž”แž“្แžแžŠោแž™แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘แž‘แž˜្แžšแž„់แžŠើแž˜ (“watch / read”) แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแžŽែแž“ាំ แžฌแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแž‘ូแž‘ៅ។ แžœាแž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžŠូแž…แž‡ា “แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸแž„្แžេแž”แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍” แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž–េแž‰แž›េแž‰แž’แž˜្แž˜แžាแž‘េ។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • MIND: Culture: [verb phrase]. Principle: [verb phrase].
  • Parallel contrast: first show the easy/automatic path (culture), then the intentional/principle path (principle).

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž”្แžšើแž›ំแž“ាំแžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ាแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขំแž–ីแžំแž”แž“់แž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—៖
– “MIND: Culture: scroll social media all night. Principle: plan your learning and study with focus.”
แžœាแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ា​แž›េแž…แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แžŽាแžŸ់។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: mind, culture, television, principle, education
  • Verbs: watch, entertain, read
  • Adverbs/Adjectives: broadly, deeply, continuous
  • Quotation: “entertain me” – a reported inner voice or attitude.
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In the Information Age and social-media era, it’s easy to spend hours on screens but very little time on real study. Covey’s principle is close to the old idea of “scholarship”: reading good books, thinking deeply, and learning from many disciplines (history, philosophy, science, leadership).

KM: แž“ៅแžŸแž˜័แž™แž–័แž៌แž˜ាแž“ แž“ិแž„แž”แžŽ្แžាแž‰แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜ แž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž›แžŽាแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž…ំแžŽាแž™แž˜៉ោแž„แž›ើแžขេแž€្แžšแž„់ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž…ំแžŽាแž™แž–េแž›แžិแž…แžŽាแžŸ់แž›ើแž€ាแžšแžŸិแž€្แžŸាแž–ិแž។ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžšแž”แžŸ់ Covey แžŸ្แžšแžŠៀแž„แž“ឹแž„แž‚ំแž“ិแž “แžข្แž“แž€แž”ុแžšាแžŽแžŸិแž€្แžŸា”: แžขាแž“แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแž›្แžข แž‚ិแžแž‡្แžšៅ แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž“แž–ីแžœិแžŸ័แž™แž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ— (แž”្แžšแžœแž្แžិแžŸាแžŸ្แž្แžš แž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“แžœិแž‡្แž‡ា แžœិแž‘្แž™ាแžŸាแžŸ្แž្แžš แž˜េแžŠឹแž€แž“ាំ)។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The text itself does not show phrasal verbs, but in real life we say things like “tune out” (stop paying attention) with TV, or “dig into” a book when we study deeply.

KM: แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘แžŠែแž›แž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’៖
tune out = แž€ាแž់แž€ាแžšแž™แž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‘ុแž€แžŠាแž€់ / แž”ិแž‘แž‚ំแž“ិแž
dig into a book = แž…ូแž›แžšំแž–ឹแž„แžขាแž“แž‡្แžšៅแŸ— / แž‰ុះแž…ូแž›แžŸិแž€្แžŸា

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

HEART: Culture: use relationships with others to forward your personal, selfish interests. Principle: deep, respectful listening and serving others brings greatest fulfillment and joy.

«แž”េះแžŠូแž„ (HEART): แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះ៖ แž”្แžšើแž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž“ិแž„แžขាแž្แž˜ាแž“ិแž™แž˜។ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžœិแž‰៖ แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅแŸ—แžŠោแž™แž‚ោแžšแž– แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ แž“ាំแž˜แž€แž“ូแžœแž€ាแžšแž”ំแž–េแž‰แž“ិแž„แžŸុแž—แž˜แž„្แž‚แž›แž្แž–แžŸ់แž”ំแž•ុแž។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: For the heart, our culture often treats relationships as tools to push our own selfish goals. The principle, however, is that when we truly listen with respect and serve others sincerely, we experience the deepest satisfaction and joy.

KM: แž…ំแž–ោះแž•្แž“ែแž€แž”េះแžŠូแž„ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž˜ើแž›แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž•្แžŸេแž„ แž‡ាแžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžšុแž‰แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž€ាแžšแž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž“ិแž„แžขាแž្แž˜ាแž“ិแž™แž˜។ แžែแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแžœិแž‰ แž‚ឺแž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แžŸ្แžាแž”់แž‡្แžšៅแŸ—แžŠោแž™แž‚ោแžšแž– แž“ិแž„แž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแžŠោแž™แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់ แž“ោះแž™ើแž„แž‘ើแž”แžšแž€แžƒើแž‰แž€ាแžšแž”ំแž–េแž‰ แž“ិแž„แžŸុแž—แž˜แž„្แž‚แž›แžŠ៏แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแž”ំแž•ុแž។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper idea is that there are two ways to approach people: use them, or serve them. Using people may bring fast results but leaves the heart empty. Serving people slow and sincerely builds trust, love, and long-term influence.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ แž˜ាแž“แŸขแžœិแž’ីแž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแžšแž€្แžŸាแž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„៖ “แž”្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ” แžฌ “แž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ”។ แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแžขាแž…แž“ាំแž˜แž€แž›แž‘្แž’แž•แž›แž›ឿแž“ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”េះแžŠូแž„แž“ៅแžŸ្แžขិแžแžŸ្แžขំ แž“ិแž„แž‘แž‘េ។ แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž™៉ាแž„แž™ឺแžแŸ—แžែแžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់ แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž‘ំแž“ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់ แž“ិแž„แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž™ូแžšแžขแž„្แžœែแž„។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • HEART: – labels the emotional and relational dimension.
  • Culture: use relationships… to forward your personal, selfish interests. – describes a manipulative, “me-first” approach to people.
  • Principle: deep, respectful listening and serving others… – describes a service-first, others-centered approach.
  • brings greatest fulfillment and joy – shows the outcome: deeper happiness than selfish gain.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠាแž€់ “HEART” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžŸแž˜្แž‚ាแž›់แžœិแž˜ាแž្แžšแž”េះแžŠូแž„ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž” “Culture” (แžšแž”ៀแž”แž’แž˜្แž˜แžាแž“ៃแžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜) แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™ “Principle” (แžšแž”ៀแž”แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍)។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • heart – here, the emotional and relational center of a person → แž”េះแžŠូแž„ / แž•្แž“ែแž€แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍
  • relationship – connection between people → แž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„
  • forward your personal interests – push your own goals → แžšុแž‰แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“
  • selfish – caring only about yourself → แžขាแž្แž˜ាแž“ិแž™แž˜ / แž™แž€แžែแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„
  • respectful listening – listening that honors the other person → แžŸ្แžាแž”់แžŠោแž™แž‚ោแžšแž–
  • serve – help someone sincerely → แž”แž˜្แžšើ / แž‡ួแž™แžŠោแž™แžŸ្แž˜ោះ
  • fulfillment – deep feeling that life is meaningful → แž€ាแžšแž”ំแž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แž / แž€ាแžšแž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžាแž‡ីแžœិแžแž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™
  • joy – deep happiness → แžŸុแž—แž˜แž„្แž‚แž› / แžขំแžŽแžš
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: Like S208–S209, this line uses labels plus noun/verb phrases instead of full sentences: “Culture: use relationships…” and “Principle: deep, respectful listening… brings…”. Notice “brings” is singular because the subject is the whole phrase “deep, respectful listening and serving others”.

KM: แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž”្แžšើแžŸ្แž›ាแž€ “Culture / Principle” แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž”្แžšើแžƒ្แž›ាแž€ិแžšិแž™ា។ แž–ាแž€្แž™ “brings” แž”្แžšើแž€ាแž›แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“ แž™ោแž„แž‘ៅแžƒ្แž›ា “deep, respectful listening and serving others” แž€្แž“ុแž„แž˜ួแž™ แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แžែแž˜ួแž™។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • HEART: Culture: [verb phrase]. Principle: [noun/verb phrase] brings [result].
  • Contrast pattern: “use relationships” (take) vs “listening and serving” (give).

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขំแž–ីแž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“៖
– “HEART: Culture: network only to get clients. Principle: build real friendships and serve people first.”
แžœាแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแžšแžœាแž„ “แž˜េแžšោแž‚แžขាแž្แž˜ាแž“ិแž™แž˜” แž“ិแž„ “แž”េះแžŠូแž„แž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ” แž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: heart, culture, relationships, interests, listening, fulfillment, joy
  • Verbs: use, forward, brings
  • Adjectives: personal, selfish, deep, respectful, greatest
  • Adverbs: (implied attitude of “selfishly” when using relationships)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In many modern business and social networks, people are taught to “network” mainly to get something: money, status, opportunities. Covey’s approach is closer to servant leadership: build trust by listening, understand people’s needs, and make their success your priority. Over time, this creates stronger teams, families, and communities.

KM: แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž–ិแž—แž–แžขាแž‡ីแžœแž€แž˜្แž˜แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžฒ្แž™ “network” แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแžšแž€แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แžŠូแž…แž‡ា แž›ុแž™ แž‹ាแž“ៈ แžฑแž€ាแžŸ។ แžែ Covey แžŸ្แžាแžšแž‚ំแž“ិแž “servant leadership”៖ แžŸ្แžŠាแž”់แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸ แž–្แž™ាแž™ាแž˜แž™แž›់แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš แž“ិแž„แž™แž€แž€ាแžšแž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃแž‡ាแžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–។ แžšแž™ៈแž–េแž›แžœែแž„ แžœាแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž€្แžšុแž˜ แž€្แžšុแž˜แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž“ិแž„แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“៍แžšឹแž„แž˜ាំแž‡ាแž„แž˜ុแž“។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The text uses “forward your interests” (not a classic phrasal verb but a common phrase). Related phrasal verbs in this context are “reach out to” (contact someone), “look out for” (protect, often selfish), and “open up to” (share your feelings honestly).

KM: แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘แž–ាแž€់แž–័แž“្แž’៖
reach out to someone = แž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„ / แž…ូแž›แžšแž€
look out for yourself = แžšแž€្แžŸាแž្แž›ួแž“ / แž™แž€แžែแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„
open up to someone = แž”ើแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž“แžšแžŽាแž˜្แž“ាแž€់

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

SPIRIT: Culture: succumb to growing secularism and cynicism. Principle: recognize that the source of our basic need for meaning and of the positive things we seek in life is principles—which natural laws I personally believe have their source in God.

«แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ (SPIRIT): แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះ៖ แžฑ្แž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„ “แž…ុះแž…ាแž‰់” แž˜ុแžแž“ិแž“្แž“ាแž€ាแžšแž€ាแž“់แžែแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžŸแž“ា (secularism) แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžŸแž„្แžŸ័แž™แž„ាแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž›ើแžข្แžœីแž›្แžข (cynicism)។ แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แžœិแž‰៖ แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แžា แž”្แžšแž—แž–แž“ៃแžแž˜្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš แž‡ីแžœិแžแž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™ แž“ិแž„แžข្แžœីแžœិแž‡្แž‡แž˜ាแž“แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€ แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ (principles) แžฌแž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ แžŠែแž› Covey แž‡ឿแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แžា แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž—แž–แž˜แž€แž–ីแž–្แžšះ។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: For the spirit, our culture often gives up to increasing secularism (ignoring the spiritual dimension) and cynicism (doubting goodness). The principle is to see that our hunger for meaning and all the positive things we seek in life come from living true principles—natural laws which Covey personally believes come from God.

KM: แž…ំแž–ោះแž•្แž“ែแž€แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž“េះแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ “แž…ុះแž…ាแž‰់” แž˜ុแžแž“ិแž“្แž“ាแž€ាแžšแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžŸแž“ា (แž˜ើแž›แžšំแž›แž„แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ) แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžŸแž„្แžŸ័แž™แžขំแž–ីแžข្แžœីแž›្แžข (cynicism)។ แžแžŽៈแž–េแž›แžŠែแž›แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแžœិแž‰ แž‚ឺแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸ្แž‚ាแž›់แžា แž€ាแžšแžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž“ៃแž‡ីแžœិแž แž“ិแž„แžข្แžœីแžœិแž‡្แž‡แž˜ាแž“แž‘ាំแž„แžกាแž™ แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ីแž‡ីแžœិแžแžŠែแž›แžŸ្แžšแž”แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ แžŠែแž› Covey แž‡ឿแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แžា แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž—แž–แž˜แž€แž–ីแž–្แžšះ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper idea is: modern culture often pushes us to ignore spiritual questions and to doubt everything. Covey suggests that real meaning and lasting positivity don’t come from trends or success alone, but from aligning our lives with timeless principles (like honesty, responsibility, service), which he sees as rooted in a higher source.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ី แž”แžŽ្แžេแž‰แž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แž˜ិแž“แž™แž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‘ុแž€แžŠាแž€់แž›ើแžŸំแžŽួแžšแž•្แž“ែแž€แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ แž“ិแž„แžฒ្แž™แžŸแž„្แžŸ័แž™แžขំแž–ីแžข្แžœីแž‚្แžšแž”់แž™៉ាแž„។ Covey แžŸ្แž“ើแžា แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡ីแžœិแž แž“ិแž„แžœិแž‡្แž‡แž˜ាแž“แž—ាแž–แžšแž™ៈแž–េแž›แžœែแž„ แž˜ិแž“แž˜แž€แž–ី “แž‘ំแž“ើแž”แž—ាแž–” แžฌแž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜แž€แž–ីแž‡ីแžœិแžแžŠែแž›แžŸ្แžšแž”แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžขแžŸ់แž€แž›្แž” (แžŸុแž…แžšិแžแž—ាแž– แž€ាแžšแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžុแžŸแž្แžšូแžœ แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ…) แžŠែแž›แž‚ាแž់แž‡ឿแžា แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž—แž–แž្แž–แžŸ់แž‡ាแž„แž“េះแž‘ៅแž‘ៀแž។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • SPIRIT: – labels the spiritual dimension of human nature.
  • Culture: succumb to growing secularism and cynicism. – describes how people give in to ignoring spiritual things and doubting goodness.
  • Principle: recognize that the source of our basic need for meaning… is principles—… natural laws… – points to principles as the true source of meaning.
  • I personally believe have their source in God. – Covey adds his personal belief about the ultimate source of those principles.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž…ែแž€แž‡ាแŸขแž•្แž“ែแž€แž’ំ៖ “Culture” (แžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แžŠែแž›แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แž’แž˜្แž˜แžាแž’្แžœើ) แž“ិแž„ “Principle” (แžšแž”ៀแž”แžšแžŸ់แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœแž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ) แž ើแž™ Covey แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž˜แžិแž™ោแž”แž›់แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แžขំแž–ីแž”្แžšแž—แž–แžšแž”แžŸ់แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž‘ាំแž„แž“ោះ។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • spirit / spiritual – inner, moral, or faith-related dimension → แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ / แžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽแž—ាแž–
  • succumb (to) – to give in, to be overcome by something → แž…ុះแž…ាแž‰់ / แž•្แžŠួแž›แž…ុះ
  • secularism – focus only on non-religious, worldly matters, ignoring the spiritual → แž“ិแž“្แž“ាแž€ាแžšแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžŸแž“ា / แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž›ោแž€ីแž™៍
  • cynicism – attitude of doubting goodness, expecting bad motives → แž™ោแž”แž›់แžŸแž„្แžŸ័แž™ / แž˜ើแž›แžข្แžœីแŸ—แžขแžœិแž‡្แž‡แž˜ាแž“
  • source – origin, where something comes from → แž”្แžšแž—แž–
  • meaning – sense that life has purpose → แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™ / แž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž
  • principles – deep rules/values that don’t change → แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ / แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ
  • natural laws – built-in rules of life (like sowing and reaping) → แž…្แž”ាแž”់แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិ
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: Again, the line is made of labels plus phrases: “Culture: succumb…” (imperative-like description) and “Principle: recognize that…” (verb in base form). The long clause “the source of our basic need… is principles” uses “is” (singular) because the subject is “the source,” not “principles.” The final phrase “which natural laws I personally believe…” is a relative clause giving Covey’s personal comment.

KM: แžšแž…แž“ាแžŸแž˜្แž–័แž“្แž’แž”្แžšើ “Culture: + แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘” แž“ិแž„ “Principle: + แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘ recognize”។ แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž–ិแžแž€្แž“ុแž„แžƒ្แž›ា “the source … is principles” แž‚ឺ “the source” แžŠូแž…្แž“េះแž”្แžšើ “is” แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“ “are” แž‘េ។ แž•្แž“ែแž€ “which natural laws I personally believe…” แž‡ា relative clause แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž˜แžិแž™ោแž”แž›់แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แžšแž”แžŸ់ Covey។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • SPIRIT: Culture: [verb phrase]. Principle: recognize that [clause about source of meaning].
  • Contrast structure: “succumb to…” vs “recognize that the source is…”

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžš៖
– “SPIRIT: Culture: chase pleasure and status. Principle: recognize that lasting peace comes from living true to your values.”
แžœាแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžขាแž“แž€៏แž„ាแž™ แž ើแž™แž™แž›់แž—ាแž–แžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแžšแžœាแž„ แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžŸแž˜័แž™ แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžขแžŸ់แž€แž›្แž”។

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: spirit, culture, secularism, cynicism, source, need, meaning, principles, laws, God
  • Verbs: succumb, recognize, seek, believe
  • Adjectives: growing (secularism), basic (need), positive (things), natural (laws)
  • Adverbs: personally (modifies “believe”)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In many modern societies, talk about spirit, faith, or higher purpose is often pushed aside as “unscientific” or “naรฏve.” At the same time, many people feel empty even when they are successful. Covey’s view is that we need a deeper anchor: timeless principles, which he connects to a divine source. Whether someone shares his belief in God or not, the key is to live by principles that give real meaning.

KM: แžŸแž„្แž‚แž˜แžŸแž˜័แž™แž្แž˜ីแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แž˜ិแž“แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžขំแž–ីแžœិแž‰្แž‰ាแžŽ แžŸាแžŸแž“ា แžฌแž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„แž្แž–แžŸ់แž‘េ แžŠោแž™แž…ាแž់แž‘ុแž€แžា “แž˜ិแž“แžœិแž‘្แž™ាแžŸាแžŸ្แž្แžš” แžฌ “แž„ាแž™แž‡ឿ”។ แž‘ោះแž‡ាแž™៉ាแž„แž“េះ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž“ៅแž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž‘แž‘េ แž‘ោះแž‡ាแž˜ាแž“แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅแž€៏แžŠោแž™។ Covey แž™แž›់แžា แž™ើแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‡ាแžขแž„្แž€ាំแžšឹแž„แž˜ួแž™ แžŠែแž›แž‚ាแž់แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แž‘ៅแž“ឹแž„แž”្แžšแž—แž–แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž្แž–แžŸ់ (แž–្แžšះ)។ แž‘ោះแž”ុแž‚្แž‚แž›แžŽាแž˜ាแž“แž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“ៈแžŸាแžŸแž“ាแžុแžŸแž‚្แž“ាแž›្แžขแž™៉ាแž„แžŽា แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แžŸំแžាแž“់แž‚ឺ “แžšแžŸ់แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍” แžŠែแž›แž•្แžแž›់แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž–ិแž។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The key verb phrase here is “succumb to” = be overcome by or give in to (e.g., “succumb to pressure,” “succumb to temptation”). Related spiritual phrasal verbs include “live up to” (meet a standard), “reach out for” (seek help or meaning), and “fall away from” (slowly leave a path or belief).

KM: แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘แžŸំแžាแž“់៖
succumb to = แž…ុះแž…ាแž‰់/แž•្แžŠួแž›แž…ុះ (แžง. succumb to pressure = แž…ុះแž…ាแž‰់แžŸំแž–ាแž’)
live up to your principles = แžšแžŸ់แžขោแž™แžŸแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€
reach out for meaning = แžŸ្แžœែแž„แžšแž€แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡ីแžœិแž
fall away from your values = แžšแžขាแž€់แžšแžขួแž› แžฌแž…ាแž€แž…េแž‰แž–ីแžแž˜្แž›ៃแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

On a final personal note, I want to repeat a question I constantly pose in my teaching: How many on their deathbeds wished they’d spent more time at the office—or watching TV? The answer is, No one. They think about their loved ones, their families, and those they have served.

«แž–េแž›แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ា​แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™ แž្แž‰ុំแž…แž„់แž’្แžœើแžขแž“្แž‘ះแžŸួแžšแž˜្แžแž„แž‘ៀแž แžŠែแž›แž្แž‰ុំแžŸួแžšแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž˜្แžšแž„แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំ៖ แžើแž˜ាแž“แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž”៉ុแž“្แž˜ាแž“แž“ាแž€់ แž“ៅแž›ើแž‚្แžšែแž‡ំแž„ឺแž˜ុแž“แžŸ្แž›ាแž”់ แžŠែแž›แž”្แžšាแž្แž“ាแžា “แžขូ แž”ើแžŸិแž“แž‡ាแž្แž‰ុំแž”ាแž“แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž–េแž›แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž“េះแž“ៅแž€ាแžšិแž™ាแž›័แž™— แžฌแž˜ើแž›แž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍” แžŠែแžš? แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž‚ឺ แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž“แžšแžŽាแž˜្แž“ាแž€់แž‘េ។ แž“ៅแž–េแž›แž“ោះ แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž…ាំแž‚ិแžแž–ីแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž–ួแž€แž‚េแžŸ្แžšแž›ាแž‰់ แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ួแž€แž‚េ แž“ិแž„แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž’្แž›ាแž”់แž”แž˜្แžšើ។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: Covey ends with a personal question he often asks: “At the end of life, who wishes they had spent more time at work or watching TV?” The answer is nobody. At that moment, people think about their loved ones, families, and those they served.

KM: Covey แž”แž‰្แž…แž”់แžŠោแž™แžŸំแž“ួแžšแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž˜ួแž™ แžŠែแž›แž‚ាแž់แžŸួแžšแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់៖ “แž“ៅแž–េแž›แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‡ិแžแž…แž”់ แžើแž˜ាแž“แž“แžšแžŽាแž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž’្แž›ាแž”់แžŸុំแžា แž”ើแžŸិแž“แž‡ាแž្แž‰ុំแž”ាแž“แž“ៅแž€ាแžšិแž™ាแž›័แž™ แžฌแž˜ើแž›แž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž“េះแž‘េ?” แž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž‚ឺ แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž“แžšแžŽា។ แž–េแž›แž“ោះ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‚ិแžแžขំแž–ីแžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแž›แž–ួแž€แž‚េแžŸ្แžšแž›ាแž‰់ แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ួแž€แž‚េ แž“ិแž„แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž’្แž›ាแž”់แž”แž˜្แžšើ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message is that, at the end of life, what really matters is relationships and service, not hours in the office or time in front of screens. He is inviting us to re-set our priorities now, before the deathbed moment comes.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แž“ៅแž…ុแž„แž”แž‰្แž…แž”់แž‡ីแžœិแž แžข្แžœីแžŸំแžាแž“់แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“ “แž˜៉ោแž„แž“ៅแž€ាแžšិแž™ាแž›័แž™” แžฌ “แž˜៉ោแž„แž˜ើแž›แž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍” แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ាแž‚ំแž“ិแžแž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แžขំแž–ីแž‘ំแž“ាแž€់แž‘ំแž“แž„ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។ Covey แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžขแž‰្แž‡ើแž‰แž™ើแž„ แž្แžšូแžœแžšៀแž”แž…ំแžขាแž‘ិแž—ាแž–แž‡ីแžœិแžแžฒ្แž™แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœแž…ាแž”់แž–ីแž–េแž›​แž“េះ แž˜ុแž“แž–េแž›แžŠแž›់แž្แž„ៃแž“ោះ។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • On a final personal note – Covey signals he is sharing something very personal to close his message.
  • I constantly pose in my teaching – he asks this question again and again to students and audiences.
  • How many on their deathbeds wished they’d spent more time at the office—or watching TV? – a rhetorical question; the real expected answer is “no one.”
  • The answer is, No one. – he states the obvious answer to emphasize the point.
  • They think about their loved ones, their families, and those they have served. – describes what people really focus on at the end of life.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž“េះแž”្แžšើแžŸំแžŽួแžšแžšូแž”ិแž™แž”័แžŽ្แžŽ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แžขួแžแž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™ “แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž“แžšแžŽា” แž ើแž™แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แžƒ្แž›ាแž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž‘ំแžšแž„់แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž–ិแžแž“ៅแž›ើแž‚្แžšែแž‡ំแž„ឺ แž‚ឺแžขំแž–ីแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • on a final personal note – as a last personal comment. → แž‡ាแž€ំแžŽแž់แž…ំแž“ាំแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™
  • constantly pose (a question) – to ask repeatedly. → แžŸួแžšแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់ / แž›ើแž€แžŸំแžŽួแžšแžกើแž„แž‡ាแž‰ឹแž€แž‰ាแž”់
  • deathbed – the bed or moment when a person is about to die. → แž‚្แžšែแž‡ំแž„ឺแž˜ុแž“แžŸ្แž›ាแž”់ / แžœេแž›ាแž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž“ៃแž‡ីแžœិแž
  • wished they’d spent more time – regretted not giving more time. → แžŸោแž€แžŸ្แžាแž™แžា แž˜ិแž“แž”ាแž“แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž–េแž›แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž“េះ
  • loved ones – people you deeply care about. → แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់ / แžข្แž“แž€แž‡ាแž‘ីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់
  • those they have served – people they helped or worked for. → แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž’្แž›ាแž”់แž”แž˜្แžšើ แžฌแž‡ួแž™แž…ំแž–ោះ
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The question uses past perfect (“they’d spent” = they had spent) to talk about an unreal, imagined past. “How many…?” introduces a rhetorical question; the short sentence “No one.” is a powerful, complete answer by itself.

KM: แžŸំแžŽួแžšแž”្แžšើ past perfect “they’d spent” (they had spent) แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž“ិแž™ាแž™แžขំแž–ីแžขแžីแžแž€ាแž›แžŠែแž›แžŸ្แž˜ាแž“แžกើแž„ (regret)។ แžšแž…แž“ាแž”แž‘แžŸំแžŽួแžš “How many…?” แž“ៅแž‘ីแž“េះแž‚ឺแžŸំแžŽួแžšแžšូแž”ិแž™แž”័แžŽ្แžŽ (rhetorical) แž ើแž™แžƒ្แž›ា​แž្แž›ី “No one.” แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž…แž˜្แž›ើแž™แž–េแž‰แž›េแž‰ แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž្แž›ាំแž„។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • On a final personal note, I want to... – polite way to introduce a closing personal comment.
  • How many [people] on their deathbeds wished they’d... – pattern for a reflective question.
  • The answer is, No one. – statement + short emphatic answer.
  • They think about [X], [Y], and [Z]. – parallel list, very clear and rhythmic.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžš៖
– “On a final personal note, I want to ask: How many people, at the end of their lives, wished they had earned more titles?”
– “The answer is, No one. They think about their character and the people they’ve helped.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: note, question, teaching, deathbeds, time, office, TV, loved ones, families
  • Verbs: want, repeat, pose, wished, had spent, think, served
  • Adjectives: final, personal
  • Adverbs: constantly (modifies “pose”)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In many cultures, there is a common saying: “No one on their deathbed wishes they had worked more.” Covey is using this idea to challenge workaholism and shallow entertainment. He reminds readers that in the end, we measure life by love and service, not by hours in the office.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แžšแž„់แžែแž„แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា “แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แž“แžšแžŽា แž“ៅแž›ើแž‚្แžšែแž‡ំแž„ឺแž˜ុแž“แžŸ្แž›ាแž”់ แžŸុំแžฒ្แž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž”ាแž“แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžš​แž…្แžšើแž“แž‡ាแž„แž“េះแž‘េ।” Covey แž”្แžšើแž‚ំแž“ិแžแž“េះ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž‰្แž…្แžšាแžŸแž“ឹแž„ habit “แž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž›ើแžŸแž€แž˜្แžšិแž” แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž›แž„់แž›ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž€แž˜្แžŸាแž“្แžแž‘ូแžšแž‘แžŸ្แžŸแž“៍។ แž‚ាแž់แžšំแž›ឹแž€แžា แž“ៅแž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™ แž™ើแž„แžœាแžŸ់แž‡ីแžœិแž แžាแž˜แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžាแž˜แž˜៉ោแž„แž“ៅแž€ាแžšិแž™ាแž›័แž™។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž‰ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: Important verb phrases here include spend time at (give time to some place or activity) and think about (focus your thoughts on something). Related expressions: “look back on your life,” “make time for your family,” “give back to others.”

KM: แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘แžŸំแžាแž“់៖
spend time at the office = แž…ំแžŽាแž™แž–េแž›แž“ៅแž€ាแžšិแž™ាแž›័แž™
think about your loved ones = แž‚ិแžแžขំแž–ីแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់
แž“ិแž„แž–ាแž€្แž™แž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„៖ “look back on your life” = แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž˜แž€แž–ិแž…ាแžšแžŽាแž‡ីแžœិแž, “make time for your family” = แž€ំแžŽแž់แž–េแž›แžฒ្แž™แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš, “give back to others” = แžฒ្แž™แžœិแž‰/แž”แž˜្แžšើแžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

This is so true with me. By far the greatest and most satisfying impact of the principles embodied in the 7 Habits comes out of the lives of my children and grandchildren.

«แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž”ាแž“แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž“េះ แž–ិแžแž‡ាแž្แžšូแžœแž‚្แž“ាแž្แž›ាំแž„แžŽាแžŸ់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž្แž‰ុំแž•្แž‘ាแž›់។ แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžŠ៏์œ„แžŸេแžŸ แž“ិแž„แž•្แžแž›់แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž„แž‚េ แžŠែแž›แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ីแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž€្แž“ុแž„ The 7 Habits แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះแž›ើแž្แž›ួแž“แž្แž‰ុំแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž”ំแž•ុแžแž‚េ แž‚ឺแž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ូแž“แŸ— แž“ិแž„แž—ួแžแž…ៅแŸ—แžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំ។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The writer says this statement is deeply true for him. The most powerful and satisfying results of living the 7 Habits are not just in his own life or career, but in the lives and character of his children and grandchildren.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž”្แžšាแž”់แžា แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž“េះแž–ិแžแž‡ាแžŸแž˜แžŸ្แžšแž”แž្แž›ាំแž„แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‚ាแž់។ แž•แž›แž›្แžขแžŠ៏แž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™ แž“ិแž„แž•្แžแž›់แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž„แž‚េ แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž€្แž“ុแž„ The 7 Habits แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž˜ាแž“แžែแž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแž แž“ិแž„แžขាแž‡ីแž–แžšแž”แžŸ់แž‚ាแž់แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž–ិแžŸេแžŸแž”ំแž•ុแž แž‚ឺแž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแž แž“ិแž„แžŸแž—ាแž–แžขแž្แžแž…แžšិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž€ូแž“แŸ— แž“ិแž„แž—ួแžแž…ៅแŸ—។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message is: the real success of these principles is seen in the next generation. When our children and grandchildren live with good habits, that is more satisfying than personal awards, money, or status. It suggests that a true legacy is the character we pass on, not just achievements we collect.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แž—ាแž–แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠแž“ៃแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แžƒើแž‰แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž“ៅแž›ើแž‡ីแžœិแžแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់។ แž–េแž›แž€ូแž“แŸ— แž“ិแž„แž—ួแžแž…ៅแŸ—แž™ើแž„ แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžŠោแž™แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แž›្แžข แž“ោះแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แžแž›ើแžŸแž›แž”់แž‡ាแž„แžšាแž›់แžšแž„្แžœាแž“់ แž”្แžšាแž€់ แžฌแžំแžŽែแž„។ แžœាแž”្แžšាแž”់แž™ើแž„แžា “แž‘េแžœแžាแž˜แžšូแž” hรฉritage” แžŠែแž›แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”ំแž•ុแž แž‚ឺแžขแž្แžแž…แžšិแž แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž”แž‰្แž‡ូแž“แž”แž“្แž แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšแž˜ូแž›แž‘េ។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • This is so true with me. – a strong agreement; the speaker says the previous idea fits his own life very closely.
  • By far the greatest and most satisfying impact – emphasizes that nothing else compares; this is number one.
  • of the principles embodied in the 7 Habits – the core values and ideas from The 7 Habits that he has tried to live.
  • comes out of the lives of my children and grandchildren. – the visible results show up in how his children and grandchildren live.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžŠោแž™แž€ាแžšแž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា “แž“េះแž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœแž្แž›ាំแž„แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž្แž‰ុំ” แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž›ើแž€แžกើแž„แžា แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžŠែแž› “แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™ แž“ិแž„แž•្แžแž›់แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸុแžแž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž„แž‚េ” แž“ៃแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ 7 Habits แž‚ឺแž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแž€ូแž“ แž“ិแž„แž…ៅ។ แžœាแž‡ំแžšុแž‰แžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แž‚ិแžแž–ីแž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžšแž™ៈแž–េแž›แžœែแž„แž›ើแž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • by far – used to emphasize that something is much greater than anything else. → แž—្แž›ឺแž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž‡ាแž„แž‚េ / แž›ើแžŸแž‚េแž†្แž„ាแž™
  • greatest – the most important or strongest. → แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž / แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”ំแž•ុแž
  • most satisfying – giving the deepest feeling of happiness and fulfillment. → แž•្แžแž›់แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–េแž‰แž…ិแž្แžแž្แž›ាំแž„แž”ំแž•ុแž
  • impact – strong effect or influence. → แž•แž›แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់ / แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›
  • principles embodied in – principles that are expressed and lived through something. → แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŠែแž›แž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€แž”់ / แž”แž‰្แž…ូแž›แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„…
  • comes out of – results from; is seen in. → แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ី / แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž្แž›ួแž“แžាแž˜แžšแž™ៈ
  • grandchildren – children of your children. → แž—ួแžแž…ៅ / แž…ៅแŸ—
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: The phrase “This is so true with me.” is informal; more standard would be “for me,” but “with me” sounds conversational. The structure “By far the greatest and most satisfying impact…” uses “by far” to strengthen the superlative (“greatest”). The subject of the sentence is long: “the greatest and most satisfying impact … comes out of the lives of my children and grandchildren.”

KM: แžƒ្แž›ា “so true with me” แž‡ាแžšแž”ៀแž”แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžŸ្แžšាแž›แŸ— (informal) แžŠែแž›แžŸ្แžแž„់แžŠាแž˜ាแž“แž‘ំแžšแž„់ “so true for me”។ แž–ាแž€្แž™ “by far” แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”្แžšើแžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž€ើแž“แž€แž˜្แž›ាំแž„แžƒ្แž›ា superlative “greatest” (แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™แž‡ាแž„แž‚េแž”ំแž•ុแž)។ แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แžœែแž„แž”แž“្แžិแž…៖ “impact … comes out of the lives of my children and grandchildren”។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Pattern 1: This is so true with/for me. – to strongly agree with a statement.
  • Pattern 2: By far the greatest and most [adj] impact of [X] comes out of [Y].
  • Pattern 3 (adaptation): By far the greatest reward of my work comes out of seeing my children grow into responsible adults.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž”្แžšើแž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แžŠូแž…แž‡ា៖
– “By far the greatest and most satisfying impact of building my company comes out of the lives of my team members and their families.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: impact, principles, lives, children, grandchildren
  • Verbs: is, comes (out), embodied
  • Adjectives: true, greatest, satisfying
  • Adverbs: so, far (in “by far”)
  • Prepositions: with, of, in, out of
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In many cultures, especially family-oriented ones, elders often say their greatest joy is seeing their children and grandchildren live well. This line connects the 7 Habits to multi-generational influence: not just “self-help,” but building a family culture where principles are lived and transmitted.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ (แžšួแž˜แž‘ាំแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž្แž˜ែแžš) แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž…ាแžŸ់แŸ—แžែแž„แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž’ំแž”ំแž•ុแž แž‚ឺแžŠឹแž„แžា แž€ូแž“แž…ៅแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž›្แžข แž˜ាแž“แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់แž“េះแž—្แž‡ាแž”់ 7 Habits แž‘ៅแž“ឹแž„ “แžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™” แžฒ្แž™แž™ើแž„แžƒើแž‰แžា แžœាแž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžែแž˜ួแž™แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ាแžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แžŠោแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž‰ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: The phrase comes out of behaves like a phrasal/idiomatic expression meaning “results from” or “is produced by.” Related useful phrases: grow out of (develop from), pass on (values) (give to the next generation).

KM: comes out of = แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ី / แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ី។ แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍៖ “The best results come out of daily disciplined effort.”
แž–ាแž€្แž™แž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„៖
grow out of = แž›ូแžแž›ាแžŸ់แž…េแž‰แž–ី
pass on values = แž”แž‰្แž‡ូแž“แž‚ុแžŽแžแž˜្แž›ៃแž‘ៅแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

For example, my nineteen-year-old granddaughter, Shannon, was “drawn” to serve the orphans of Romania and wrote Sandra and me of an epiphany one day after a little sick child threw up on her and then reached out for a hug. In that moment, Shannon inwardly resolved “I don’t want to live a selfish life anymore. I must spend my life in service.” As of this writing she has returned to Romania and is still serving the people.

«แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍ แž€ូแž“แž€្แžšแž˜ុំแžขាแž™ុแžŠแž”់แž”ួแž“แž†្แž“ាំแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž‰ុំแžˆ្แž˜ោះ Shannon แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž‘ាแž€់แž‘ាแž‰แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž (drawn) แžฒ្แž™แž‘ៅแž”แž˜្แžšើแž€ុแž˜ាแžšแž€ំแž–្แžšាแž“ៅแž”្แžšแž‘េแžŸ Romania แž ើแž™แž”ាแž“แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž˜แž€แž€ូแž“แžŸ្แžšី Sandra แž“ិแž„แž្แž‰ុំ แžขំแž–ីแž˜ួแž™แžแžŽៈแž—្แž‰ាแž€់แžŠឹแž„แž’ំแŸ— (epiphany) แž˜ួแž™แž្แž„ៃ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž–ីแž€ូแž“แž€ំแž–្แžšាแžˆឺแžូแž…แž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž€្แžขួแžแž›ើแž្แž›ួแž“แž“ាแž„ แž ើแž™แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž”ាแž“แž›ាแžแžŠៃแžŸុំแžขោแž”។ แž“ៅแž–េแž›แž“ោះ Shannon แž”ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แžแžា៖ “แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แž…แž„់แžšแžŸ់แž‡ីแžœិแžแžขแž់แž្แžœแž›់แžែแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‘ៀแžแž‘េ។ แž្แž‰ុំแž្แžšូแžœแž”្แžេแž‡្แž‰ា แžฒ្แž™แž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžŸแž˜្แžšแž”แžŸแž˜្แžšួแž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ។” แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขแž្แžแž”แž‘แž“េះ แž“ាแž„แž”ាแž“แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅ Romania แžœិแž‰ แž ើแž™แž“ៅแžែแž”แž“្แžแž”แž˜្แžšើแž”្แžšแž‡ាแž‡แž“แž‘ីแž“ោះ។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The author gives a concrete example: his nineteen-year-old granddaughter Shannon felt a strong inner pull to serve Romanian orphans. After a sick child threw up on her and still reached out for a hug, she had a powerful inner awakening: she decided she didn’t want a selfish life anymore, but a life of service. At the time of writing, she has gone back to Romania and continues serving there.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แž™แž€แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž–ិแžแž˜แž€แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰៖ แž€ូแž“แž€្แžšแž˜ុំแžขាแž™ុ แŸกแŸฉ แž†្แž“ាំแžˆ្แž˜ោះ Shannon แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž‘ាแž€់แž‘ាแž‰แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž แžฒ្แž™แž‘ៅแž”แž˜្แžšើแž€ុแž˜ាแžšแž€ំแž–្แžšាแž“ៅ Romania។ แž˜ួแž™แž្แž„ៃ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž–ីแž€ុแž˜ាแžšแž€ំแž–្แžšាแžˆឺแž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž€្แžขួแžแž›ើแž“ាแž„แžšួแž… แžែแžšួแž…แž ើแž™แž”ាแž“แž›ាแžแžŠៃแžŸុំแžขោแž” แž“ាแž„แž”ាแž“แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž—្แž‰ាแž€់แžŠឹแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„แž˜ួแž™แžា៖ “แž្แž‰ុំแž˜ិแž“แž…แž„់แžšแžŸ់แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšាแž“់ แžែแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž‘ៀแžแž‘េ។ แž្แž‰ុំแž្แžšូแžœแžฒ្แž™แž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แž‰ុំแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។” แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់แž“េះ แž“ាแž„แž”ាแž“แž្แžšแžกแž”់แž‘ៅ Romania แžœិแž‰ แž“ិแž„แž“ៅแžែแž”แž“្แžแž”แž˜្แžšើแž“ៅแž‘ីแž“ោះ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper message is that real conversion to a life of service often comes in small, messy, human moments—not in a perfect, clean situation. The child’s trust and need for love, even when sick, touched Shannon’s heart so deeply that she redefined her whole life purpose. It shows how living the 7 Habits reaches into the next generation; the “legacy” is a heart that chooses service over selfishness.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺ៖ แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšែแž…ិแž្แžแž‘ៅแžšแž€แž‡ីแžœិแžแž”แž˜្แžšើ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แžŸ្แžขាแžแž›្แžขแžฅแžแž្แž…ោះแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž…្แžšើแž“แž€ើแžแžกើแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„ แž–េแž›แžœេแž›ាแžូแž…แŸ— แžŠែแž›แž–ោแžšแž–េแž‰แžŠោแž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž’แž˜៌ แž“ិแž„แž—ាแž–แžšឹแž„แž‘្แžšាំ។ แž€ុแž˜ាแžšแžˆឺแž˜្แž“ាแž€់ แž€្แžขួแžแž›ើแž“ាแž„ แž ើแž™แž‘ោះแž”ីแž‡ាแž™៉ាแž„แž“ោះ แž€៏แž“ៅแžែแž…แž„់แž”ាแž“แžขោแž”แž“ឹแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់ แžœាแž”ាแž“แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžŠแž›់แž…ិแž្แž Shannon แžฒ្แž™แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž”្แžŠូแžšแž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„แž‡ីแžœិแž។ แžœាแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แžាแž˜แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ 7 Habits แž”แž“្แžแžฅแž‘្แž’ិแž–แž›แž‘ៅแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™ แžŠោแž™แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž€ូแž“แž…ៅแžŠែแž›แž‡្แžšើแžŸแžšើแžŸ “แž”แž˜្แžšើ” แž‡ំแž“ួแžŸ “แžขាแž្แž˜ាแž“ិแž™แž˜”។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • For example, my nineteen-year-old granddaughter, Shannon, was “drawn” to serve the orphans of Romania – introduces a personal example; “drawn” means she felt a strong inner pull.
  • and wrote Sandra and me of an epiphany one day – she wrote them about a sudden, deep realization.
  • after a little sick child threw up on her and then reached out for a hug – the specific, emotional moment that triggered her inner change.
  • In that moment, Shannon inwardly resolved “I don’t want to live a selfish life anymore. I must spend my life in service.” – shows her internal decision and new life direction.
  • As of this writing she has returned to Romania and is still serving the people. – confirms that this decision is not just emotion; she continues to act on it.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠំแž”ូแž„แžŠាแž€់แžงแž‘ាแž แžšแžŽ៍แž–ីแž€ូแž“แž€្แžšแž˜ុំ แž“ិแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ “drawn” แž‘ៅแžšแž€แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ។ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–្แžšឹแž្แžិแž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžូแž…แž˜ួแž™ (แž€ុแž˜ាแžšแžˆឺแž€្แžขួแžแž›ើแž“ាแž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž€៏แžŸុំแžขោแž”) แžŠែแž›แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžขំแž–ីแž€ាแžšแž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžš “แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់” แžšแž”แžŸ់แž€ុแž˜ាแžš។ แž–េแž›แž“ោះ Shannon แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แžแž”្แžŠូแžšแž‡ីแžœិแž แž“ិแž„แžขំแž–ើแžšแž”แžŸ់แž“ាแž„។ แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แžា แž“ាแž„แž˜ិแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แž‚ិแžแž‘េ แžែแž”ាแž“แžœិแž›แž‘ៅแž”แž˜្แžšើแž‡ាแž€់แžŸ្แžែแž„។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • granddaughter – the daughter of one’s son or daughter. → แž€ូแž“แž€្แžšแž˜ុំ (แž€ូแž“แžŸ្แžšីแžšแž”แžŸ់แž€ូแž“แžŸ្แžšី/แž€ូแž“แž”្แžšុแžŸ)
  • was “drawn” to – felt a strong attraction or calling toward. → แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž‘ាแž€់แž‘ាแž‰แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž / แž˜ាแž“แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž…แž„់แž‘ៅแž’្แžœើ
  • orphans – children without parents. → แž€ុแž˜ាแžšแž€ំแž–្แžšា
  • epiphany – a sudden deep realization or understanding. → แž—្แž‰ាแž€់แžŠឹแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„ / แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់แžŠឹแž„แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ—
  • threw up – vomited. → แž€្แžขួแž
  • reached out for a hug – extended arms to ask for an embrace. → แž›ាแžแžŠៃแžŸុំแžขោแž”
  • inwardly resolved – decided deeply inside, in one’s heart. → แžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž / แž…ិแž្แžแžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…
  • selfish life – a life focused only on oneself. → แž‡ីแžœិแžแžขាแž្แž˜ាแž“ិแž™แž˜ / แž‚ិแžแžែแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN:“was ‘drawn’ to serve” uses passive + past participle to show an internal pull, not a conscious plan.
“threw up on her and then reached out for a hug” uses past simple to narrate two actions in sequence (threw… then reached).
– Direct speech: “I don’t want to live a selfish life anymore. I must spend my life in service.” shows Shannon’s exact words and strong modality (“must”).
“As of this writing she has returned…” uses present perfect (“has returned”) to connect past action to the present time of writing.

KM:was drawn = แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“ “แž‚េแž”แž„្แžំแžฒ្แž™แž‘ៅ” แžែแž‡ាแžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž‘ាแž€់แž‘ាแž‰แž€្แž“ុแž„แž…ិแž្แž។
– แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแž€ាแž›แžขแžីแžแž’แž˜្แž˜แžា “threw up… reached out” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แž–ីแžšแžŠែแž›แž€ើแžแž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž‚្แž“ា។
– แž€ាแžšแž“ិแž™ាแž™แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž€្แž“ុแž„ “” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž…ិแž្แžแž្แž›ាំแž„ (I must…)។
“has returned” แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž”ាแž“แž្แžšแž›แž”់แžšួแž…แž ើแž™ แž ើแž™ still relevant แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขแž្แžแž”แž‘។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Pattern 1: For example, my [age]-year-old [relative], [Name], was drawn to [serve group]...
  • Pattern 2: In that moment, [Name] inwardly resolved, “I don’t want to [old pattern] anymore. I must [new life direction].”
  • Pattern 3: As of this writing, [he/she] has [action] and is still [ongoing action].

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž€ែแžŸแž˜្แžšួแž›แžŠូแž…แž‡ា៖
– “For example, my friend was drawn to serve poor children in Phnom Penh.”
– “In that moment, he inwardly resolved, ‘I don’t want to waste my life anymore.’”
– “As of this writing, he has returned to the village and is still serving the community.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: granddaughter, orphans, epiphany, child, moment, life, service, people
  • Verbs: was drawn, serve, wrote, threw up, reached out, resolved, want, live, must spend, has returned, is serving
  • Adjectives: nineteen-year-old, little, sick, selfish
  • Adverbs/phrases: for example, inwardly, still
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: Serving orphans in another country is a common form of volunteer work in many Western cultures, but the story here focuses less on “travel” and more on inner transformation. It fits Habit 2 (Begin with the End in Mind) and Habit 7 (Sharpen the Saw): her “end” becomes a life of service, and her “renewal” comes through loving difficult, real people in pain.

KM: แž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžាแž„แž›ិแž… แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžœ័แž™แž€្แž˜េแž„แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž…ូแž›แžšួแž˜แž‡ាแžŸ្แž˜័แž‚្แžšแž…ិแž្แžแž‘ៅแž‡ួแž™แž€ុแž˜ាแžšแž€ំแž–្แžšាแž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž‘េแžŸแž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—។ แžែแžšឿแž„แž“េះแž˜ិแž“แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแžœិแžŸ័แž™ “แž‘េแžŸแž…แžšแžŽ៍” แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšែแž…ិแž្แžแžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„។ แžœាแžŸ្แžšแž”แž“ឹแž„ Habit 2 (Begin with the End in Mind) แž–្แžšោះแž“ាแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž€ំแžŽแž់ “แž…ុแž„แž•្แž›ូแžœแž‡ីแžœិแž” แžាแž‡ីแžœិแžแž”แž˜្แžšើ แž“ិแž„ Habit 7 (Sharpen the Saw) แž–្แžšោះแž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžˆឺแž…ាแž”់ แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž€ាแžšแž€ែแž›แž˜្แžขแž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แžšแž”แžŸ់แž“ាแž„។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN:

  • threw up (on her) – to vomit. → แž€្แžขួแžแž›ើ
  • reach out (for a hug) – to extend the arms or make a request for connection/help. → แž›ាแžแžŠៃแžŸុំแžขោแž” / แžŸុំแžŸ្แž“ិแž‘្แž’แžŸ្แž“ាแž›
  • spend my life (in service) – not a strict phrasal verb, but a very common phrase meaning to use one’s life for a purpose. → แž”្แžšើแž‡ីแžœិแžแž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แž›ើ…

KM:threw up แž‚ឺแž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់ “แž€្แžขួแž”។
reach out for a hug แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แž—ាแž–แžŸុំแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់។
spend my life in service แž‡ាแž–ាแž€្แž™แžŸំแžាแž“់แžŽាแžŸ់แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‚ំแž“ិแž “แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แžแž›់แžขแž្แžแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ”។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

All of our children are married and, with their spouses, have developed principle-based mission statements focused on service. To see them live these mission statements gives us joy in our posterity.

«แž€ូแž“แŸ—แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž”ាแž“แžšៀแž”แž€ាแžš แž ើแž™แžšួแž˜แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžŸ្แžœាแž˜ីแž—แžšិแž™ាแžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ួแž€แž‚ាแž់ แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‡ីแžœិแž แžŠោแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ (principle-based mission statements) แžŠែแž›แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ។ แž€ាแžšแž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แž–ួแž€แž‚េแžšแžŸ់แž‘ៅแžាแž˜แž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž”ាแž“แž“ាំแž˜แž€แž‡ាแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžšីแž€แžšាแž™แžŠ៏แž‡្แžšាแž›แž‡្แžšៅแž…ំแž–ោះแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™ (posterity) แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The writer says that all of their children are married and, together with their husbands or wives, they have created mission statements based on principles and focused on serving others. Watching their children and spouses actually live by these mission statements brings deep joy about their future generations.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž™ាแž™แž”្แžšាแž”់แžា แž€ូแž“แŸ—แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ួแž€แž‚ាแž់แž”ាแž“แžšៀแž”แž€ាแžš แž ើแž™แžšួแž˜แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžŸ្แžœាแž˜ី แžฌแž—แžšិแž™ាแžšแž”แžŸ់แž្แž›ួแž“ แž–ួแž€แž‚េแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‡ីแžœិแž แžŠែแž›แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแžข្แž“แž€แžŠแž‘ៃ។ แž€ាแžšแž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แž€ូแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แžœាแž˜ីแž—แžšិแž™ាแžšแž”แžŸ់แž–ួแž€แž‚េแžšแžŸ់แž‘ៅแžាแž˜แž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž‚ាแž់แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž™៉ាแž„แž្แž›ាំแž„แž…ំแž–ោះแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™แžšแž”แžŸ់แž‚ាแž់។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The deeper idea is that the real proof of successful parenting and teaching is when children, as adults, build their own purpose based on true principles and service. It’s not just that they are “successful,” but that they are intentionally living for something higher than themselves. This gives the parents confidence and joy about the future of the family line.

KM: แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž‡្แžšៅแž‚ឺแžា แž€ាแžšแžขแž”់แžšំแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž›แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ แž‚ឺแž–េแž›แž€ូแž“แŸ—แž’ំแžกើแž„แžšួแž… แž–ួแž€แž‚េแžŸแž˜្แžšេแž…แž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž‡ីแžœិแžแž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“ แžŠោแž™แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើแž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠแž‘ៃ។ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แžែ “แž‡ោแž‚แž‡័แž™” แžាแž˜แžŸ្แžแž„់แžŠាแžš​แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅแž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž‡ាแž‡ីแžœិแžแž˜ាแž“แž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„แž្แž–แžŸ់แž‡ាแž„แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„។ แžœាแž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แžชแž–ុแž€แž˜្แžŠាแž™ แž˜ាแž“แž‘ំแž“ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž…ំแž–ោះแžขแž“ាแž‚แžแžšแž”แžŸ់แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • All of our children are married – gives the family situation: all children are adults with families.
  • and, with their spouses, have developed… – they did this together as couples, not alone.
  • principle-based mission statements focused on service – written statements of purpose built on principles, not on ego; focused on serving.
  • To see them live these mission statements – the parents see their children actually practicing what they wrote.
  • gives us joy in our posterity – this brings joy and hope when they think of future generations.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‘ីแž˜ួแž™แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš (แž€ូแž“แŸ—แžšៀแž”แž€ាแžšแžšួแž…) แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž˜แž€แž•្แžŠោแžแž›ើแžขំแž–ើแžšួแž˜แžšแžœាแž„แž€ូแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แžœាแž˜ីแž—แžšិแž™ា แžŠោแž™แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍។ แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž€្แžšោแž™แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แžชแž–ុแž€แž˜្แžŠាแž™៖ แž€ាแžšแž˜ើแž›แžƒើแž‰แž–ួแž€แž‚េ “แžšแžŸ់แž‘ៅแžាแž˜แž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜” แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแžšីแž€แžšាแž™แž›ើแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™แž‘ាំแž„แž˜ូแž›។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • spouse – a husband or wife. → แžŠៃแž‚ូแžšแžŸ្แžœាแž˜ីแž—แžšិแž™ា
  • principle-based – built on or guided by principles (truths that don’t change). → แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើแž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍ / แžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแžŠោแž™แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍
  • mission statement – a short written statement that explains a person’s or organization’s purpose. → แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž្แž›ែแž„แž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜ / แž‚ោแž›แž”ំแžŽแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž‡ាแžขแž€្แžŸแžš
  • focused on service – strongly directed toward serving others. → แž•្แžោแžแž›ើแž€ាแžšแž”แž˜្แžšើ / แž€ាแžšแž•្แžแž›់แžŸេแžœា
  • posterity – all future generations of one’s family; descendants. → แž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™ / แž€ូแž“แž…ៅแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž€្แžšោแž™
  • to live (a mission statement) – to practice and act according to it, not just write it. → แžšแžŸ់แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‘ៅแžាแž˜แž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN:“All of our children are married” uses the present simple to describe a present state.
– The phrase “and, with their spouses, have developed…” uses present perfect (“have developed”) to show a completed action with present relevance.
“To see them live these mission statements gives us joy…” uses an infinitive (to see) as the subject of the verb “gives.” The real subject is the whole phrase “To see them live these mission statements.”

KM:“are married” = แžŸ្แžាแž“แž—ាแž–แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“ (แž”ាแž“แžšៀแž”แž€ាแžšแž ើแž™)។
“have developed” (present perfect) แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž€ាแžšแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž”ាแž“แž’្แžœើแžšួแž…แž‘ៅแž ើแž™ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ាแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž”แž“្แžแž˜แž€แžŠแž›់แž្แž„ៃแž“េះ។
– แž€្แž“ុแž„แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‘ីแž–ីแžš “To see them live these mission statements” แž‡ាแž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž–ិแžแŸ— แžŠែแž›แž’្แžœើแžฒ្แž™แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘ “gives” แž្แžšូแžœแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž‡ាแž‘แž˜្แžšแž„់แžฏแž€แžœแž…แž“ៈ (adds “-s”)។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Pattern 1: All of our children are [adjective/state].
  • Pattern 2: [Subject], with [group], have developed [adjective] mission statements focused on [theme].
  • Pattern 3: To see them [verb phrase] gives us joy in [area].

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž€ែแž‡ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แžŠូแž…แž‡ា៖
– “With my team, we have developed principle-based mission statements focused on serving our clients.”
– “To see my team live these mission statements gives me joy in our company’s future.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: children, spouses, principles, mission statements, service, joy, posterity
  • Verbs: are, have developed, live, gives
  • Adjectives: principle-based, married (also past participle acting as adjective), focused
  • Prepositions: with, on, in
  • Infinitive phrase: To see them live these mission statements (acts as a noun/subject)
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In the 7 Habits tradition, a family or couple “mission statement” is a written agreement about what kind of people they want to be and how they want to live together. It becomes like a compass. This quote shows a second-generation culture of principles: the parents lived 7 Habits, and now the children as couples create their own mission statements focused on service, not selfish success.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌ 7 Habits แž˜ាแž“แž‚ំแž“ិแž “family mission statement” แžŠែแž›แž‡ាแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–្แžšាแž„แžขแž€្แžŸแžš​แžขំแž–ីแžแž˜្แž›ៃ แž“ិแž„แž”ែแž”แž•ែแž“แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžšួแž˜แž‚្แž“ា។ แžœាแžŠូแž…แž‡ាแžំแžŸ្แž”៉ាแžŸ แžŽែแž“ាំแž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš។ แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់แž“េះแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–ីแžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžšแž‡ំแž“ាแž“់แž‘ីแŸข៖ แžชแž–ុแž€แž˜្แžŠាแž™แžšแžŸ់แžាแž˜ 7 Habits แžšួแž… แž€ូแž“แŸ—แž€៏แž’្แžœើแž”េแžŸแž€แž€แž˜្แž˜แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž•្แžขែแž€แž›ើ “service” แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž›ើแžขោแž™แž្แž›ួแž“แžฏแž„แžែแž˜ួแž™។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: There are no strong phrasal verbs, but two useful verb phrases:

  • develop (mission statements) – to create, design, and refine them over time.
  • live (these mission statements) – idiomatic: to live according to them in real behavior.

KM:develop แž“ៅแž‘ីแž“េះ = แžšៀแž”แž…ំ / แž”แž„្แž€ើแž / แžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž”แž“្แžិแž…แž˜្แžŠแž„แŸ—។
live these mission statements = แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“ “แžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž€្แžšแžŠាแžŸ” แž‘េ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែ “แžšแžŸ់แžขោแž™แž្แžšូแžœแžាแž˜แžขแž€្แžŸแžš แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€្แžšแžŠាแžŸ”។ แž“េះแž‡ាแž–ាแž€្แž™แžŸំแžាแž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„ 7 Habits (live the principles, live the mission, live the values)។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

As you now commence reading The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, I also promise you an exciting learning adventure. Share with your loved ones what you are learning. And most important, start applying what you are learning. Remember, to learn and not to do is really not to learn. To know and not to do is really not to know.

«แž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžขាแž“แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People แž“េះ แž្แž‰ុំแž€៏แžŸแž“្แž™ាแžฑ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแžš​แž–ី แžŠំแžŽើแžšแžšៀแž“แžŠ៏แžšំแž—ើแž” แž˜ួแž™។ แž…ែแž€แžšំแž›ែแž€แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžšៀแž“แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™ แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŸ្แžšแž›ាแž‰់។ แž ើแž™แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”ំแž•ុแž แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžšៀแž“។ แž…ាំแžា៖ แžšៀแž“ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž แž€៏แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž”ាแž“แžšៀแž“แžŠឹแž„ แž”៉ុแž“្แžែแž˜ិแž“แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž แž€៏แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แž”ាแž“แžŠឹแž„។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: As the reader begins The 7 Habits, the author assures them that the journey ahead will be exciting and transformative. He encourages readers to share their learning with loved ones and, above all, to apply the principles in real life. He emphasizes that learning without action is not true learning, and knowing without acting is not true knowing.

KM: แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžขាแž“ 7 Habits แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แž”្แžšាแž”់แž‘ុแž€แž˜ុแž“แžា แžŠំแžŽើแžšแžšៀแž“แž“េះแž“ឹแž„ แžšំแž—ើแž” แž“ិแž„แž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž‡ីแžœិแž។ แž‚ាแž់แž›ើแž€แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แžแžฒ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€ แž…ែแž€แžšំแž›ែแž€แžข្แžœីแžŠែแž›แžšៀแž“แž”ាแž“ แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž‘ីแžŸ្แžšแžกាแž‰់ แž ើแž™ แžŸំแžាแž“់แž‡ាแž„แž‚េ แž‚ឺแž្แžšូแžœแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž។ แž‚ាแž់แžšំแž›ឹแž€แžា៖ แžšៀแž“ แžែแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž = แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แžšៀแž“ แž“ិแž„ แžŠឹแž„ แžែแž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž = แž˜ិแž“แž‘ាแž“់แžŠឹแž„

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: The author stresses an important universal truth: knowledge becomes real only through action. The journey of transformation in the 7 Habits is not passive—it's active, shared, and practiced daily. He also suggests that learning together with family builds a stronger culture of growth and shared principles.

KM: แž‚ាแž់แž”แž‰្แž‡ាแž€់แž…្แž”ាแžŸ់แž–ីแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž–ិแžแžŸแž€แž›แž˜ួแž™៖ แž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„แž“ឹแž„แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„แž–ិแž แžែแž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแžœា។ แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžšแž“ៅแž€្แž“ុแž„ 7 Habits แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែแžขាแž“แž‘េ แžែแž្แžšូแžœแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‡ាแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž្แž„ៃ។ แž€ាแžšแž…ែแž€แžšំแž›ែแž€แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš แž€៏แž‡ួแž™แž”แž„្แž€ើแž แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌แžšៀแž“แžšួแž˜ แž“ិแž„แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แžŸាแž˜แž‚្แž‚ីแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‚្แžšួแžŸាแžš។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • As you now commence reading... – “commence” = begin formally.
  • I also promise you an exciting learning adventure. – assures a meaningful journey.
  • Share with your loved ones what you are learning. – encourages community learning.
  • start applying what you are learning. – action is the key.
  • to learn and not to do is really not to learn. – defines the meaning of true learning.
  • to know and not to do is really not to know. – defines the meaning of true knowledge.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‘ាំแž„แžขแžŸ់แž•្แžŠោแžแž›ើ “แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜ → แž…ែแž€แžšំแž›ែแž€ → แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž → แž€្แž›ាแž™แž‡ាแž…ំแžŽេះแžŠឹแž„แž–ិแž”។ แžœាแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแž‡ាแž›ំแž“ាំแžŠំแžŽើแžšแžšៀแž“แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž”ាแž“แž—្แž›ាแž˜แŸ—។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • commence – begin (formal). → แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜
  • exciting – full of energy and enthusiasm. → แžšំแž—ើแž” / แž‚ួแžšแžขោแž™แž…ាแž”់แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍แž្แž›ាំแž„
  • loved ones – people you care deeply about. → แž˜แž“ុแžŸ្แžŸแž‡ាแž‘ីแžŸ្แžšแž›ាแž‰់
  • apply – put knowledge into action. → แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž
  • to learn and not to do... – a parallel structure expressing principle/philosophy.
  • really – emphasizes the truth of the statement. → แž–ិแžแž”្แžšាแž€แžŠ
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN: – The repeated structure “to learn and not to do is really not to learn” uses infinitive phrases as subjects.
– The parallelism (“to learn… not to do… is not to learn”) creates rhythm and emphasis.
– Imperatives: Share…, start applying…, Remember… – direct instructions to the reader.

KM: – แž‘แž˜្แžšแž„់ infinitive (to learn / to do / to know) แž្แžšូแžœแž”ាแž“แž”្แžšើแž‡ាแž”្แžšแž’ាแž“แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚។
– แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž˜ាแž“แž›ំแž“ាំแžŸ្แž‘ួแž“ แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž€ើแž“แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แžšឹแž„แž˜ាំ។
– แž”្แžšើแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž”แž‰្แž‡ា (imperatives) แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž›ើแž€แž‘ឹแž€แž…ិแž្แžแžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“แžขោแž™แž’្แžœើแž‡ាแž€់แžŸ្แžែแž„។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Pattern 1: As you commence [activity], I promise you [experience].
  • Pattern 2: Share with [people] what you are learning.
  • Pattern 3: To [verb] and not to [verb] is really not to [verb].

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž”្แžšើแž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแžš៖
– “As you commence learning English, I promise you steady progress.”
– “Share with your family what you are practicing.”
– “To plan and not to do is really not to plan.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: adventure, loved ones, life, knowledge
  • Verbs: commence, promise, share, learning, applying, learn, know, do
  • Adjectives: exciting
  • Adverbs: now, really
  • Infinitives: to learn, to do, to know
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: This reflects Covey’s philosophy that wisdom is practical, not theoretical. The 7 Habits is not a book to admire but to live. The message “knowing ≠ doing” is common in leadership and personal development training across many cultures.

KM: แž“េះแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž‚ំแž“ិแžแž‚ោแž›แžšแž”แžŸ់ Covey៖ แž”្แžšាแž‡្แž‰ាแž‚ឺแž€ាแžšแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แž‡ាแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแžœិแž‡្แž‡ាแž‡ីแžœៈ។ 7 Habits แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž‡ាแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแžขាแž“แžŸแž”្แž”ាแž™แž‘េ แžែแž‡ាแžŸៀแžœแž—ៅ “แžšแžŸ់แžាแž˜แžœា”។ แž‚ំแž“ិแž “แžŠឹแž„ ≠ แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž” แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž‚แž“្แž›ឹះแžŸំแžាแž“់แž€្แž“ុแž„แž”แžŽ្แžុះแž”แžŽ្แžាแž›แžข្แž“แž€แžŠឹแž€แž“ាំแž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“แž“ៅแž–ិแž—แž–แž›ោแž€។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

There are no strong phrasal verbs in this passage, but there are important verb patterns:

  • start applying – begin using knowledge in action.
  • share with – communicate something to someone.

KM: แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“ phrasal verbs แž…แž˜្แž”แž„แž‘េ แžែแž˜ាแž“แž‘แž˜្แžšแž„់แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸំแžាแž“់แŸ—៖
start applying = แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แžขแž“ុแžœแž្แž
share with = แž…ែแž€แžšំแž›ែแž€แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚

I have personally found living the 7 Habits a constant struggle—primarily because the better you get, the very nature of the challenge changes, just like skiing, playing golf, tennis, or any sport does. Because I sincerely work and struggle every day at living these principle-embodied habits, I warmly join you in this adventure.

«แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž្แž›ួแž“แž្แž‰ុំแž”ាแž“แžšแž€แžƒើแž‰แžា แž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžាแž˜ 7 Habits แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแžแžŸ៊ូแž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់ แž˜ួแž™​แž…្แžšើแž“แžŽាแžŸ់ แž–ិแžŸេแžŸแžŠោแž™แžŸាแžš แž–េแž›แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž€ាแž“់แžែแž”្แžšแžŸើแžšแžกើแž„ แž€៏ “แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិแž“ៃแž”แž‰្แž ា” แž€៏แž”្แž›ែแž€แž‘ៅแžœិแž‰ แžŠូแž…แž‡ាแž€ីแžกាแž‡ិះแžŸ្แž‚ី แž›េแž„แž€ូแž—ីแžก៍ แžេแž“ីแžŸ แžฌแž€ីแžกាแžŽាแž˜ួแž™แžŠែแžš។ แž–្แžšោះแž្แž‰ុំ แžំแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแž“ិแž„แžแžŸ៊ូแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž្แž„ៃ แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžាแž˜แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แžŠ៏แžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž‘ៅแžŠោแž™แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ แž្แž‰ុំ แžšួแž˜แž…ិแž្แžแžšួแž˜แž•្แž›ូแžœแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž•្แžŸแž„แž–្แžšេแž„แžšៀแž“แžŠ៏แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™แž“េះแž•แž„แžŠែแžš។»

1. Original Sentence & Translation แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แžŠើแž˜ + แž”แž€แž”្แžšែ

EN: The author admits that actually living the 7 Habits is a continual struggle. As you improve, the challenges don’t disappear; they change and become more advanced, like in sports. Because he works every day to live these principle-based habits, he says he joins the reader on the same learning journey.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แžŸាแžšแž—ាแž–แžា แž€ាแžšแžšแžŸ់แž“ៅแžាแž˜ 7 Habits แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แžŸាแž˜แž‰្แž‰แž‘េ แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแžแžŸ៊ូแž‡ាแž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់។ แž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแž”្แžšแžŸើแžšแžกើแž„ แž”แž‰្แž ា​แž˜ិแž“แž”ាแž់แž”แž„់แž‘េ แžែแžœាแž”្แžšែแžšូแž”แžšាแž„ แž“ិแž„แž€ាแž“់แžែแž‡្แžšៅ แžŠូแž…แž€ីแžกាแž•្แžŸេแž„แŸ—។ แž–្แžšោះแž‚ាแž់แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžំแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž្แž„ៃ แž‚ាแž់แž”ាแž“แž”្แžšាแž”់แžា แž‚ាแž់แž€ំแž–ុแž„ แžŠើแžšแžាแž˜แž•្แž›ូแžœแžŠូแž…แžข្แž“แž€ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŠំแžŽើแžšแžšៀแž“ แž“ិแž„แž€ែแž›แž˜្แžขแž្แž›ួแž“แž“េះ។

2. Comprehension & Inference แž€ាแžšแž™แž›់ + แžขแž្แžแž“័แž™แž›ាแž€់แž›ៀแž˜

EN: He is modeling humility and honesty. Even the “expert” is still struggling and practicing. Growth is not a straight line; each new level brings new types of challenges. By comparing the 7 Habits to sports, he shows that mastery comes only through continual practice, not just reading. He also builds emotional connection by saying, “I’m in this with you.”

KM: แž‚ាแž់แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰ แž—ាแž–แž‘ាแž”แž្แž›ួแž“ แž“ិแž„แžŸ្แž˜ោះแž្แžšแž„់។ แž‘ោះแž‡ាแž‚ាแž់แž‡ាแžข្แž“แž€แž”แž„្แžšៀแž“แž€៏แžŠោแž™ แž‚ាแž់แž“ៅแžែแžแžŸ៊ុแž™៉ាแž„แžŸแž€แž˜្แž˜แžŠែแžš។ แž€ាแžšแž›ូแžแž›ាแžŸ់แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់แžែแž˜ួแž™ แžกើแž„แŸ—แž–ីแžšាแž›់แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž‘េ แžែแž‚្แžšแž”់แž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ាแž”ែแž”แž្แž˜ីแŸ—។ แž€ាแžšแž”្แžšៀแž”แž’ៀแž”แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž€ីแžกា แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžា แž‡ំแž“ាแž‰แž˜แž€แž–ីแž€ាแžšแž ្แžœឹแž€แž ាแž់แž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់ แž˜ិแž“แž˜ែแž“แž–ីแž€ាแžšแžขាแž“แž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ។ แžŠោแž™แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžា “แž្แž‰ុំแžšួแž˜แž’្แžœើแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€” แž‚ាแž់แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแž€ាแžšแž—្แž‡ាแž”់แžขាแžšแž˜្แž˜แžŽ៍ แž“ិแž„แžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แžแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž“។

3. Sentence Breakdown แž”ំแž”ែแž€แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • I have personally found... – personal experience, not theory.
  • living the 7 Habits a constant struggle – daily effort and difficulty.
  • primarily because the better you get, the very nature of the challenge changes – main reason: higher level → new type of challenge.
  • just like skiing, playing golf, tennis, or any sport – sports analogy for progressive skill.
  • Because I sincerely work and struggle every day... – continuous commitment.
  • I warmly join you in this adventure – invitation and companionship.

KM: แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚แž‚ឺ “แž្แž‰ុំแž€ំแž–ុแž„แžแžŸ៊ូ → แž–្แžšោះแž€ាแž“់แžែแž”្แžšแžŸើแžš แž”แž‰្แž ាแž€ាแž“់แžែแž”្แž›ែแž€ → แžŠូแž…แž€ីแžกា → แž្แž‰ុំแž€ំแž–ុแž„แž ្แžœឹแž€แž ាแž់แžšៀแž„แžšាแž›់แž្แž„ៃ → แžŠូแž…្แž“េះ แž្แž‰ុំแžšួแž˜แž’្แžœើแžŠំแžŽើแžšแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€”។

4. Vocabulary Building (Word Structure & Meaning) แžœាแž€្แž™แžŸแž–្แž‘
  • constant struggle – ongoing, continuous effort and difficulty. → แž€ាแžšแžแžŸ៊ូแž”แž“្แžแž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់
  • primarily – mainly, chiefly. → แž‡ាแž…แž˜្แž”แž„ / แž‡ាแž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแžŸំแžាแž“់
  • the very nature of the challenge – the core character of the difficulty. → แž’แž˜្แž˜แž‡ាแžិแž“ៃแž”แž‰្แž ាแž•្แž‘ាแž›់
  • principle-embodied habits – habits that contain and express principles. → แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แžŠែแž›แžŸแž˜្แž”ូแžšแž‘ៅแžŠោแž™แž‚ោแž›แž€ាแžšแžŽ៍
  • warmly – with kindness and sincerity. → แžŠោแž™แž…ិแž្แžแž€แž€់แž€្แžŠៅ / แžŠោแž™แžŸ្แž˜ោះ
  • adventure – exciting, sometimes risky, journey. → แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž•្แžŸแž„แž–្แžšេแž„
5. Grammar Usage & Notes แžœេแž™្แž™ាแž€แžšแžŽ៍

EN:“I have personally found…” uses the present perfect to show an experience that started in the past and is still true now.
“living the 7 Habits a constant struggle”: here “living the 7 Habits” is a gerund phrase acting as the object of “found,” and “a constant struggle” is the object complement (what it is found to be).
– The two sentences are linked by “Because…”, giving reason and result.

KM: – แž€ាแž›แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“แž”แž“់ have found แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž”แž‘แž–ិแžŸោแž’แž“៍แžាំแž„แž–ីแž˜ុแž“แžšแž ូแžแžŠแž›់แž”แž…្แž…ុแž”្แž”แž“្แž“។
living the 7 Habits แž‡ា gerund phrase (แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž–្แž‘แž”แž„្แž€ើแž“แž‡ា​แž“ាแž˜) แžŠែแž›แž’្แžœើแž‡ាแžœแž្แžុ (object) แžšแž”แžŸ់ founda constant struggle แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž–ាแž€្แž™แž”ំแž–េแž‰ (complement) แž‡ូแž“แžœแž្แžុ។
– แž”្แžšើ Because... แžŠើแž˜្แž”ីแž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž˜ូแž›แž េแžុ → «แž–្แžšោះ… แžŠូแž…្แž“េះ…»។

6. Grammar & Sentence Structure แžšแž…แž“ាแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
  • Pattern 1: I have personally found [gerund phrase] a [adjective] [noun].
    → “I have personally found leading a team a constant challenge.”
  • Pattern 2: Because I [verb] every day at [activity], I [verb] you in this [journey/adventure].
    → “Because I work every day at improving my English, I join you in this learning journey.”
  • Pattern 3 (comparison): …changes, just like [activity] or any sport does.

KM: แžข្แž“แž€แžขាแž…แž™แž€แž›ំแž“ាំแž“េះแžŸแžšแžŸេแžšแžขំแž–ីแž‡ីแžœិแžแžšแž”แžŸ់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแžš៖
– “I have personally found building a company a constant challenge.”
– “Because I work and struggle every day at serving my clients, I warmly join my team in this adventure.”

7. Parts of Speech แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž–ាแž€្แž™
  • Nouns: struggle, nature, challenge, skiing, golf, tennis, sport, adventure, habits
  • Verbs: have found, living, get, changes, work, struggle, join
  • Adjectives: constant, better, principle-embodied
  • Adverbs: personally, primarily, sincerely, every day, warmly
  • Conjunctions: because, just like, or
8. Cultural & Thematic Context แž”แžšិแž”แž‘แžœแž”្แž”แž’แž˜៌

EN: In many Western self-development books, authors sometimes appear “perfect.” Here, Covey does the opposite—he openly admits his ongoing struggle. This builds trust and shows that the 7 Habits is a lifelong practice, similar to an athlete who keeps training even at a high level.

KM: แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŸៀแžœแž—ៅแžขแž—ិแžœแžŒ្แžแž្แž›ួแž“แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“ แžข្แž“แž€แž“ិแž–แž“្แž’แž ាแž€់แžŠូแž…แž‡ា “แž›្แžขแž‚្แžšแž”់แž™៉ាแž„”។ แžែ Covey แž្แžšแžกแž”់แž”แž‰្แž…្แžšាแžŸ แž‚ឺ แžŸាแžšแž—ាแž–แžាแž‚ាแž់แž€ំแž–ុแž„แžแžŸ៊ុแž…្แžšើแž“แžŠូแž…แž‚្แž“ា។ แžœាแž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŸេแž…แž€្แžីแž‡ឿแž‘ុแž€แž…ិแž្แž แž“ិแž„แžšំแž›ឹแž€แžា 7 Habits แž‚ឺแž‡ាแž€ាแžšแžขแž“ុแžœแž្แžแž–េแž‰แž‡ីแžœិแž แžŠូแž…แž€ីแžกាแž€แžš​แžŠែแž›แž្แžšូแžœแž ្แžœឹแž€แž ាแž់แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž… แž‘ោះแžŸ្แžិแžแž›ើแž€แž˜្แžšិแžแž្แž–แžŸ់แž€៏แžŠោแž™។

9. Phrasal Verbs แž€ិแžšិแž™ាแžŸแž˜្แž„ាแž់ (Phrasal Verbs)

EN: There are no explicit phrasal verbs, but there are idiomatic ideas:

  • living the 7 Habits – similar to “live out the habits,” meaning to practice them in daily life.
  • join you in this adventure – idiomatic phrase meaning to share the same journey or challenge.

KM:live (out) the 7 Habits แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា “แžšแžŸ់แžាแž˜แž‘แž˜្แž›ាแž”់แž‘ាំแž„แž“េះแž€្แž“ុแž„แž‡ីแžœិแžแž–ិแž”។
join you in this adventure แž˜ាแž“แž“័แž™แžា “แž្แž‰ុំแžšួแž˜แž•្แž›ូแžœแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€ แž€្แž“ុแž„แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž•្แž›ាแžŸ់แž”្แžូแžš แž“ិแž„แžšៀแž“”។

10. Back to top แž្แžšแž›แž”់แž‘ៅแž€្แž”ាแž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‚
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